INC 



INC 



IN AUTER DROIT, in another's right, 

 as where executors or administrator 

 sue for a debt or duty, &c. of the testator 

 or intestate. 



INCEST, is the carnal knowledge of 

 persons within the Levitical degrees of 

 kindred. These, by our law, are totally 

 prohibited to marry with each other ; and 

 sentence of divorce, in such case, is only 

 declatory of the illegality of the mar- 

 riage, for the marriage itself is void ab 

 .initto. 



INCH, a well known measure of length, 

 being the twelfth part of a foot, and equal 

 to three barley-corns in length. See MEA- 

 SURE. 



INCH of candle, or sale by inch of candle. 

 See CANDLE. 



INCHASING. See ENCHASING. 



INCIDENCE, in mechanics, denotes 

 the direction in which one body strikes 

 on another. See MECHANICS and OPTICS. 



It is demonstrated that the angle of in- 

 cidence is equal to the angle of reflection, 

 ami that they both lie in the same plane. 

 That the sines of the angles of incidence 

 and refraction are to each other, either 

 accurately or nearly, in a given or con- 

 stant ratio : that from air to glass, the sine 

 of the angle of incidence is to the sine of 

 the angle of refraction as 14.9. 



INCIDENT, signifies a thing necessa- 

 rily depending upon another as more 

 principal. For instance, a court baron, 

 is an incident to a manor, and a court of 

 pye-powder, to a fair, so inseparably, that 

 they cannot be severed by grant. 



INCINERATION, in chemistry, a 

 term applied to the burning of vegeta- 

 bles for the sake of their ashes : it is usu- 

 ally referred to the burning of kelp on 

 the coasts for making mineral alkali. 



INCLINATION, is a word frequently 

 used by mathematicians, and signifies the 

 mutual approach, tendency, or leaning of 

 two lines, or two planes, towards each 

 other, so as to make an angle. Inclina- 

 tion of a right line to a plane, is the acute 

 angle which that line makes with ano- 

 ther right line drawn in the plane through 

 the point where the inclined line inter- 

 sects it, and through the point where it is 

 also cut by a perpendicular, drawn from 

 any point of the inclined line. Inclina- 

 tion of the axis of the earth, is the^angle 

 which it makes with the plane of the 

 ecliptic ; or the angle contained between 

 the planes of the equator and ecliptic. 

 Inclination of a planet, is an arch of the 

 circle of inclination, comprehended be- 

 tween the ecliptic and the plane of a 

 planet in its orbit. See ASTRONOMY. 



INCLINED plane, in mechanic, sone 

 that makes an oblique angle with the ho- 

 rizon. If a force, with a given direction, 

 supports a weight upon an inclined plane, 

 that force is to the weight as the sine of 

 the inclination of the plane to the sine of 

 the angle which is made by the line in 

 which the force acts, and the line perpen- 

 dicular to the plane. See MECHANICS. 



INCLOSURES. Any person who shall 

 wilfully or maliciously demolish, pull 

 down, or otherwise destroy or damage, 

 any fence raised or made for dividing or 

 inclosing any .common, waste, or other 

 lands, in pursuance of any act of parlia- 

 ment, or shall cause or procure the same 

 to be done, shall be guilty of felony, and 

 transported for seven years. Prosecution 

 to be commenced in eighteen months af- 

 ter the offence committed. 



INCOMBUSTIBLE. Something that 

 cannot be burnt, or consumed by fire. 

 Authors talk much of an incombustible 

 cloth, made of the asbestus. See ASBES- 

 TUS. 



1NCOMBUSTIBLES, simple. See SUB- 

 STANCES, simple. 



INCOME tax, a direct contribution of 

 a certain proportion of the annual gains of 

 individuals for the public service, which 

 has recently become an important branch 

 of the revenue of Great Britain. An at- 

 tempt was made in 1702 to levy a tax of 

 this description ; but it proved very un- 

 productive, and therefore was discon- 

 tinued. Towards the end of the year 1798, 

 Mr. Pitt proposed, in lieu of the addition- 

 al assessed taxes, a general tax on income, 

 whether arising from land, personal pro- 

 perty, or from any profession, office, trade, 

 or other employment. The act was pass- 

 ed 9th January, 1799 ; and the duties im- 

 posed by it were ten per cent, on all in- 

 comes of 200 J. per annum and upwards, 

 and lesser proportions on incomes be- 

 tween that amount and 60/. per annum, 

 which paid a one-hundred and twentieth 

 part, or ten shillings per annum : incomes 

 below 601. a year were wholly exempt. 

 The great object of this tax was, to raise 

 a considerable proportion of the public 

 supplies within the year, and to liquidate 

 within a short time what might be further 

 raised by loan ; with the latter view, the 

 'payment of the interest, and redemption 

 of the capital, of part of the loans for the 

 years 1798, 1799, and 1800, was charged 

 on the produce of the tax ; but it being a 

 tax, which, from its commencement, had 

 been very unpopular,both from its weight 

 and the disclosure of the circumstances 

 of individuals with which it was attended, 



