1ND 



character: calyx spreading; keel of the 

 corolla, with an awl-shaped spreading 

 spur on each side ; legume linear. There 

 are thirty-five species. The indigos are 

 shrubs under shrubs, or herbs ; the 

 leaves are in some few cases simple, in 

 more ternate, in most unequally pinnate ; 

 the leaflets in some jointed and awned 

 at the base, as in phaseolus ; stipules dis- 

 tinct from the petiole ; peduncles axilla- 

 ry, one or two-flowered, in spikes or ra- 

 cemes. The herb in most of the species 

 yields a blue dye, which is not peculiar 

 to this genus, many plants of this natural 

 class abounding 1 with the blue colouring 

 matter. 



INDIVIDUAL, in logic, a particular 

 being of any species, or that which can- 

 not be divided into two OP more beings 

 equal or alike. 



The usual division in logic is made into 

 genera, those genera into species, and 

 those species into individuals. 



INDIVISIBLE, among metaphysicians. 

 A thing is said to be indivisible absolute, 

 absolutely indivisible, that is, a simple be- 

 ing, and consists of no parts into which it 

 may be divided. Thus God is indivisi- 

 ble in all respects, as is also the human 

 mind, not having extension or other pro- 

 perties of body. 



INDIVISIBLES, in geometry, the ele- 

 ments or principles into which any body 

 or figure may be ultimately resolved ; 

 which elements are supposed infinitely 

 small : thus a line may be said to consist 

 of points, a surface of parallel lines, and 

 a solid of parallel and similar surfaces ; 

 and then, because each of these elements 

 is supposed indivisible, if in any figure a 

 line be drawn through the elements per- 

 pendicularly, the number of points in that 

 line will be the same as the number of the 

 elements; whence we may see, that a 

 parallelogram, prism, or cylinder, is re- 

 solvable into elements or indivisibles, all 

 equal to each other, parallel and like to 

 the base ; a triangle into lines parallel to 

 the base, but decreasing in arithmetical 

 proportion ; and so are the circles which 

 constitute the parabolic conoid, and those 

 which constitute the plane of a circle, 

 er surface of an isosceles cone. See 

 INFIX ITKSIMALS. 



A cylinder may be resolved into cylin- 

 drical curve surfaces, having all the same 

 height, and continually decreasing in- 

 wards, as the circles of the base do on 

 which they insist. 



The method of indivisibles is only the 

 ancient method of exhaustions, a little dis- 

 guised and contracted. It is found of great 



use in shortening mathematical demon- 

 strations, of which take the following in- 

 stance, in the famous proposition of Ar- 

 chimedes, viz. that a sphere is two thirds 

 of a cylinder circumscribing it. 



Suppose acylinder, an hemisphere, and 

 an inverted cone (Plate Miscel. VI. fig. 

 13) to have the same base and altitude, 

 and to be cut by infinite planes, all paral- 

 lel to the base, of which dg is one. It is 

 plain the square of d h will be every 

 where equal to the square of k c (the ra- 

 dius of the sphere) the square h c = e h 

 square ; and consequently, since circles 

 are to one another as the squares of the 

 radii, all the circles of the hemisphere 

 will be equal to all those of the cylinder, 

 deducting thence all those of the cone ; 

 wherefore, the cylinder, deducting 1 the 

 cone, is equal to the hemisphere ; but it is 

 known that the cone is one third of the 

 cylinder, and, consequently, the sphere 

 must be two-thirds of it. Q. E. D. 



INDORSEMENT, in law, signifies any 

 thing written upon the back of a deed or 

 other instrument. On sealing of a bond, 

 the condition of the bond may be indors- 

 ed, and then the bond and indorsement 

 shall both stand together. In order to 

 the executing a justice of the peace's war- 

 rant in another county, it must be indors- 

 ed by some justice in such other county,, 

 which is commonly called backing the 

 warrant. It is customary also to indorse 

 the receipt of the consideration-money 

 upon a deed ; or an assignment of a lease 

 may sometimes be made by indorsement. 

 Indorsement is also that act by which the 

 holder of a bill of exchange, or promissory 

 note, payable to order, transfers such in- 

 strument, and his interest therein, to some 

 other person, who is then termed the in- 

 dorsee, and who, by such transfer and as- 

 signment, renders himself responsible for 

 presenting such instrument, and using all 

 due diligence to obtain payment of the 

 acceptor or maker. 



INDUCTION is the giving a clerk, in- 

 stituted to a benefice, the actual posses- 

 sion of the temporalities belonging to it, 

 in the nature of livery of seisin. It is per- 

 formed by a mandate from the bishop to 

 the archdeacon, who commonly issues out 

 a precept to some other clergyman to 

 perform it for him ; which being done, 

 the clergyman who inducts him indorses 

 a certificate of his induction on the arch- 

 deacon's mandate, and they who were 

 present testify the fact under their hands. 

 And by this the person inducted is in fulj 

 and complete possession of all the tempo- 

 ralities of his church. 



