INT 



INV 



B, not inhabiting the bodies 6f other 

 animals, these are some with and some 

 without a lateral pore, and others perfo- 

 rated with a lateral pore. Of these there 

 are five species, viz. 



Gordius 

 Hirudo 

 Lumbricus. 



Planaria 

 Sipunculus 



We refer the reader to the articles un- 

 der these words in the alphabetical order; 

 but having omitted CARYOPHYLLJEUS, we 

 insert it here : Body round ; mouth dilat- 

 ed and fringed. One species, viz. C. pis- 

 cium, which inhabits the intestines of va- 

 rious fresh water fish, as the carp, tench, 

 bream, &c.; the body is clay colour, 

 about an inch long, rounded at the hind 

 part, and broader before. 



INTESTINES, in anatomy, long cylin- 

 drical, hollow, and membranaceous bo- 

 dies ; or rather one such continued body, 

 or tube, reaching from the stomach to 

 the anus. See ANATOMY. 



INTORSION, in botany, a term used to 

 denote the bending of any of the parts of 

 a plant towards one side. This admits of 

 certain distinctions. 1. Twining stems 

 which bend towards the left, as in hops, 

 honey-suckle, &c. ; but in the kidney- 

 bean, convolvulus, &c. they bend to the 

 right. 2. Twining tendrils, which bend 

 to the right and back again ; of this kind 

 are the tendrils of most of the pea-bloom 

 or leguminous tribe of plants. 3. Twist- 

 ed flowers in the periwinkle ; the petals 

 bend to the left ; the pointal in the vis- 

 cous campion is twisted to the left, as the 

 seed-bud is in the screw-tree. In oats, the 

 beard which terminates the husk is twist- 

 ed like a rope. This species of contor- 

 tion being effected by the moisture or 

 dry ness of the atmosphere is denominat- 

 ed by Linnaeus, " intorsio hygrometrica." 

 Another species of intorsion is the ap- 

 pearance of the petals in the violet, basil, 

 &c. in which the upper lip of the corolla 

 looks to the ground, and the under lip 

 upwards. 



INTRAUOS, in architecture the inte- 

 rior and lower side, or curve, of the arch 

 of a bridge ; in contradistinction from the 

 extrados, or exterior curve, or line, on 

 the upper side of the arch. 



INTRINSIC, a term applied to the in- 

 ner, real, and genuine values, properties, 

 &c. of any thing, in opposition to their ex- 

 trinsic or apparent values, &c. 



INTUITION, among logicians, the act 

 whereby the mind perceives the agree- 

 ment or disagreement of two ideas, im- 

 mediately by themselves, without the 



intervention of any other; in which case 

 the mind perceives the truth as the eye 

 doth the light, only by being directed to- 

 wards it. Thus the mind perceives that 

 white is not black, that three are more 

 than two, and equal to one and two. 

 This part of knowledge, says Mr- Locke, 

 is irresistible, and, like the sunshine, forces 

 itself immediately to be perceived, as 

 soon as ever the mind turns its view that 

 way. It is on this intuition that all the 

 certainty and evidence of our other know- 

 ledge depends ; this certainty every one 

 finds to be so great, that he cannot ima- 

 gine, and therefore cannot require, a 

 greater. 



INVECTED, in heraldry, denotes a 

 thing fluted, or furrowed. Invected is 

 just the reverse of ingrailed, in which the 

 points are turned outward to the field, 

 whereas in invected, they are turned in- 

 ward to the ordinary, and the small semi- 

 circles outward to the field. 



INVECTIVE, in rhetoric, differs from 

 reproof, as the latter proceeds from a 

 friend, and is intended for the good of the 

 person reproved ; whereas the invective 

 is the work of an enemy, and entirely de- 

 signed to vex and give uneasiness to the 

 person against whom it is directed. 



INVENTION, denotes the act of find- 

 ing any thing new, or even the thing thus 

 found. Invention is, according to lord 

 Bacon, of two very different kinds, the 

 one of arts and sciences, the other of ar- 

 guments and discourse : the former he 

 sets down as absolutely deficient. That 

 the other part of knowledge is wanting, 

 says he, seems clear ; for logic professes 

 not, nor pretends to invent, either me- 

 chanical or liberal arts ; nor to deduce 

 the operations of the one, or the axioms 

 of the other, but only leaves us this in- 

 struction, " To believe every artist in his 

 own art." His lordship further maintains, 

 that men are hitherto more obliged to 

 brutes than reason for inventions. Whence 

 those who have written concerning the 

 first inventors of things, and origin of 

 sciences, rather celebrate chance than 

 art, and bring in beasts, birds, fishes, and 

 serpents, rather than men, as the first 

 teachers of arts. No wonder, therefore, 

 as the manner of antiquity was to conse- 

 crate the inventors of useful things, that 

 the Egyptians, to whom many arts owe 

 their rise, had their temples filled with 

 the images of brutes, and but a few hu- 

 man idols amongst them. 



Invention is, therefore, used for a sub- 

 tlety of mind, or somewhat peculiar in 

 man's genius, which leads him to the dis- 

 covery of things new ; whence we say a 



