INU 



a oi 



Corymbiferx, Jussieu, Essential charac- 

 ter : receptacle naked ; down simple ; 

 anthers ending in two bristles at the base. 

 There are thirty-four species; these are 

 generally herbaceous plants ; leaves sim- 

 ple, alternate ; flowers yellow, axillary, 

 or terminating frequently in corymbs. I. 

 helenium, common inula, or elecampane, 

 has a perennial, fusiform, branching, aro- 

 matic root ; according to some botanists 

 it is biennial. It is from three to five feet 

 high, and one of the largest of our herba- 

 ceous plants ; lower leaves on foot stalks, 

 lanceolate, a foot long, and four inches 

 broad in the middle; flowering heads very 

 large, single, terminating the stem and 

 branches; flowrets all yellow, those of the 

 ray narrow, linear, from an inch to an 

 inch and an half in length, with three 

 sharp teeth at the end ; pappus, egret or 

 doxvn white, twice as long as the seed, 

 appearing to be capillary ; but when 

 viewed with a glass, finely toothed on one 

 side, shorter than the florets, sessile. 

 Native of Japan, Denmark, Germany, 

 Flanders, &c The official name is 

 enula campana, whence our English name 

 elecampane is derived. 



INUNDATE, in botany, the name of 

 the fifteenth order in Linnaeus's " Frag- 

 ments of a Natural Method," consisting 

 of plants which grow in the water. Among 

 these may be mentioned, the ceratophyl- 

 lum, horned pond-weed, and elatine, wa- 

 ter-wort. The plants of this order are, as 

 the name imports, aquatic, low, herba- 

 ceous, and mostly perennial; the roots are 

 fibrous ; the stem is usually wanting, and 

 in its stead is an ( assemblage of leaves, 

 which, unfolding one another mutually, 

 form a sheath, from the middle of which 

 is produced the foot-stalk of the flower ; 

 the leaves are sometimes alternate, some- 

 times placed in whorls round the stem ; 

 the flowers are hermaphrodite in some, 

 as the pond-weed ; and on others, the 

 male and female are in the same root ; the 

 flowers, in some cases, proceed singly 

 from the wings of the leaves, as in the 

 ceratophyllum, elatine, and hippuris ; 

 those of the lower leaves of the myrio- 

 phillum, water-milfoil, are female ; those 

 of the upper, male. The zannichellia, 

 triple-headed pond-weed, has two flowers 

 in the same wing ; one male and the other 

 female. The flowers in potamogeton, 

 pond-weed, and ruppia, are disposed in 

 specks in the wings of the leaves ; the 

 flower-cup is either wanting, or consists 

 of three, four, or five divisions or leaves ; 

 the petals are generally wanting^but the 

 elatine and pond-weed have four ; the 

 Stamina are in number from one to sixteen 



and upwards ; the seed-buds are from one 

 to four ; the style is frequently wanting, 

 as the seed-vessel is universally, except in 

 the elatine, which has a dry capsule, with 

 four external openings, and the same 

 number of cells; there are generally four 

 seeds ; but in the ceratophyllum the fruit 

 is a nut or stone, egg-shaped, and con- 

 taining a single cell. 



INVOICE, an account, in writing, of 

 the particulars of merchandise, with their 

 value, custom, charges, &c. transmitted 

 by one merchant to another in a distant 

 country. One copy of every invoice is to 

 be inserted verbatim in the invoice-book, 

 for the merchant's private use ; and an- 

 other copy must, immediately upon ship- 

 ping off" the goods, be dispatched by post, 

 or otherwise, to the correspondent. This 

 copy is commonly drawn out upon a sheet 

 of large post paper, to the end of which 

 is subjoined a letter of advice. 



It must here be observed, that when a 

 merchant ships off goods for his own ac- 

 count, the invoice sent to the factor con- 

 tains only the quantity of goods, but no- 

 thing of the cost and charges ; and the 

 letter subjoined consists of instimctions, 

 signifying in what manner the employer 

 inclines to have his goods disposed of, and 

 returns made. 



INVOICE book, this book is paged, and 

 contains copies of the invoices of goods 

 sent to sea ; for as a merchant is obliged 

 to send his correspondent an invoice of 

 all the goods he consigns to him, so it is 

 reasonable that he should keep a copy of 

 it for himself. For the further uses of in- 

 voice-books, see BOOK of invoices. 



INVOLUCRUM. See BOTANY. 



INVOLUTE, figure or curve, in the 

 higher geometry, is that which is traced 

 out by the outer extremity of a string, as 

 it is folded or wrapped upon another fi- 

 gure, or as it is unwound from off it. The 

 involute of a cycloid is also a cycloid equal 

 to the former, a part that was discovered 

 by Huygens, and by means of this he fell 

 upon the plan of making a pendulum vi- 

 brate in the curve of the cycloid, and in 

 equal times, whatever be the length of 

 the curve. 



INVOLUTION in algebra, the raising 

 a quantity from its root to any power as- 

 signed. See ALGEBRA. 



JOINERY, the art of working in wood, 

 or of fitting various pieces of timber toge- 

 ther. It differs from the art of the car- 

 penter, inasmuch as the joiner is employ- 

 ed chiefly in the inside work of a house, 

 but the carpenter does the rough work, 

 which, in general, requires more strength 

 and less skill. 



