JON 



JON 



6. It should be made during the cover- 

 ture. 



The estate should be made to herself; 

 but as the intention of the statute was to 

 secure the wife a competent provision, 

 and also to exclude her from claiming 

 dower, and likewise her settlement, it 

 seems that a provision or settlement on 

 the wife, though by way of trust, if in 

 other respects it answer the intention of 

 the statute, will be enforced in a court of 

 equity. It should be made during the co- 

 verture ; this the very words of the act of 

 parliament require ; and therefore, if a 

 jointure be made to a woman during her 

 coverture, in satisfaction of dower, she 

 may wave it after her husband's death ; 

 but if she enter and agree thereto, she is 

 concluded ; for though a woman is not 

 bound by any act when she is not at her 

 own disposal, yet, if she agree to it when 

 she is at liberty, it is her own act, and she 

 cannot avoid it. 



JOISTS, in architecture, those pieces 

 of timber framed into the girders and 

 summers, on which the boards of the 

 floor are laid. See ARCHITECTURE and 



BUILDING. 



IONIC order, the third of the five or- 

 ders of architecture, being a kind of 

 mean between the robust and delicate or- 

 ders. See ARCHITECTURE. 



IONIC dialect, in grammar, a manner of 

 speaking peculiar to the people of Ionia. 

 At first it was the same with the ancient 

 Attic ; but passing into Asia, it did not ar- 

 rive at that delicacy and perfection to 

 which the Athenians attained. The loni- 

 ans generally changed the a> into , as 

 eoqiet into o-aqin; they put the tt and t for 

 e, and au for , as etyfoiov for ctyfaov : 

 etv*.y>c*ti for etva-yKH : they also change <* 

 and tt into w, out into a>v, tt into t* and #, 

 tj into a> and i/, and to into w. 



JONCQ.UETA, in botany, so named in 

 memory of Dennis Joncquet, a genus of 

 the Decaftdria Tetragynia class and order. 

 Essential character: calyx five leaved; 

 petals five, spreading ; filaments growing 

 to a glandule ; styles none ; capsule sub- 

 globular, one-celled, five-valved, five- 

 seeded. There is but one species, viz. J. 

 guianensis, a large tree, forty to fifty feet 

 high, and about three in diameter, with a 

 russet bark, and a white uncompact 

 wood ; it has a great number of branch- 

 ing boughs at the top, those in the mid- 

 dle erect, the rest horizontal, spreading 

 in all directions. Native of Guiana. 



JONES (INIGO), an eminent architect, 

 was the son of a cloth worker in London, 

 and was born in that city about 1572. 



Scarcely any thing is known of the man- 

 ner in which he passed his early years, 

 but it is probable that he enjoyed few ad- 

 vantages of education, and was destined 

 to a mechanical employment. He dis- 

 played, however, a talent for the fine arts, 

 which attracted the notice of some lords 

 about the court, among whom were the 

 Earls of Arundel and Pembroke. The lat- 

 ter of these noblemen has generally the 

 credit of becoming his patron, and send- 

 ing him into Italy for the purpose of per- 

 fecting himself in landscape painting, to 

 which his genius seemed first to point. He 

 took up his residence chiefly at Venice, 

 where the works of Palladio gave him a 

 turn to the study of architecture, which 

 branch of art he made his profession. He 

 acquired a reputation in that city, which 

 procured him an invitation from Christian 

 IV. King of Denmark, to come and occu- 

 py the post of his first architect. He was 

 some years in the service of that sove- 

 reign, whom he accompanied, in 16J6, on 

 a visit to his brother in law, King James, 

 and, expressing a desire of remaining in 

 his native country, he was appointed ar- 

 chitect to the queen. He served Prince 

 Henry in the same capacity, and obtained 

 a grant in reversion of the place of Sur- 

 veyor General of the works. After the 

 death of the Prince, Jones again visited 

 Italy, where he pursued further improve- 

 ment during some years. When the Sur- 

 veyor's place fell, he returned to occupy 

 the office, and finding the Board of Works 

 much in debt, he relinquished his own 

 dues, and prevailed upon the Comptrol- 

 ler and Paymaster to do the same, till all 

 arrears were cleared. 



The King, in 1620, set him a task bet- 

 ter suited to a man of learning than an 

 artist ; which was to exercise his ingenui- 

 ty in conjecturing the founders and the 

 purpose of that remarkable remain of an- 

 tiquity, Stonehenge. Jones, whose ideas 

 were all Roman, convinced himself that 

 it ought to be ascribed to that people, and 

 wrote a treatise to prove his point ; but 

 of all the guesses relative to that struc- 

 ture, this has least obtained the concur- 

 rence of sound antiquarians. At that time , 

 he was building the banquetting-house at 

 Whitehall, which was meant only as a pa- 

 vilion to a splendid palace intended to be 

 erected, and of which there exists a mag- 

 nificent design from his ideas. The ban- 

 quetting-house subsists, a model of the 

 pure and elegant taste of the architect. 

 He was in that reign appointed a commis- 

 sioner for repairing the Cathedral of St. 

 Paul's, which office, as well as his other . 



