LAP 



LAR 



lum, its tbcus being nearer than that of a 

 lens; and in this focus they place the 

 candle. 



LAPIDARY style, denotes the style pro- 

 per for monumental or other inscrip- 

 tions ; being a sort of medium between 

 prose and verse. The jejune and bril- 

 liant ate here equally to be avoided. Ci- 

 cero has prescribed the rules of this style. 

 " Accedat, oportet oratio varia, vehemens, 

 plena spiritus. Ominum sententiarum 

 gravitate, omnium verborum ponderibus, 

 estutendum." The lapidary style, which 

 was lost with the ancient monuments, is 

 now used in various ways, at the begin- 

 ning of books ; and even epistles dedica- 

 tory are composed in it, whereof we have 

 no example among the ancients. 



LAPIS lazuli. See LAZURSTEIN. 



LAPIS inf emails. See LUNAR caustic. 



LAPLISlA, in natural history, sea-hare, 

 a genus of the Vermes Mollusca class and 

 order. Body creeping, covered with re- 

 flected membranes, with a membranace- 

 ous shield on the back, covering the 

 lungs ; aperture placed on the right side, 

 vent above the extremity of the back ; 

 four feelers, resembling ears. There are 

 two species, viz. L. depilans ; body pale- 

 lead-colour, immaculate, it inhabits the 

 European seas ; from two to live inches 

 long; is extremely nauseous and fetid, 

 and is said to cause the hair to fall off 

 from the hands of those who touch it. 



L. fasciata, black ; the edges of the 

 membranaceous coverings, and of the feel- 

 ers scarlet ; it inhabits the shores of Bar- 

 bary, among rocks ; when touched it dis- 

 charges a black and red sanies, which, 

 however, is neither fetid nor depilatory 

 like the last. It is frequently to be met 

 with ofFAnglesea. 



LAPP AGO, in botany, a genus of the 

 Triandria Digynia class and order. Na- 

 tural order of Gramina. There is but one 

 species. 



LAPSANA, in botany, a genus of the 

 Syngenesia Polygamia JEqualis class and 

 order. Natural order of Composite, Se- 

 miflosculosi. Cichoracese, Jussieu. Es- 

 sential character : calyx calycled ; each 

 of the inner scales channelled ; recepta- 

 cle naked. There are five species, of 

 which L. communis, common nipple- 

 wort, is very abundant all over Europe 

 in hedges, shady, and waste places, and 

 cultivated ground ; flowering in the sum- 

 mer months. Nature has amply sup- 

 plied the want of that down to the seed 

 with which most of this class are furnish- 

 ed, by the great abundance which every 

 plant produces. 



LAPSED legacy, is, where the legatee 

 dies before the testator, or where a lega- 

 cy is given upon a future contingency, 

 and the legatee dies before the contingen- 

 cy happens. As it' a legacy is given to a 

 person when he attains the age of twenty- 

 one years, and the legatee dies before 

 that "age ; in this case, the legacy is a 

 lost or lapsed legacy, and shall sink into 

 the residuum of the personal estate. 



LARCENY is the felonious and fraudu- 

 lent taking away of the personal goods of 

 another, against his will, with intent to 

 steal them. If the goods are above the 

 value of 12>'/., it is called grand larceny ; 

 if of that value, or under, it is petit lar- 

 ceny ; which two species are distinguish- 

 ed "in their punishment, but not other- 

 wise. The rnind, or intention, of the act 

 alone makes the taking of another's goods 

 felony, or a bare trespass only ; but as 

 the variety of circumstances is so great, 

 and the complications thereof are so sin- 

 gled, it is impossible to prescribe all ti.e 

 circumstances evidencing a felonious in- 

 tent, or the contrary. 



As all felony includes trespass, every 

 indictment must have the words feloni- 

 ously took, as well as carried away ; 

 whence it follows, that if the party be 

 guilty of no trespass in taking the goods, 

 he cannot be guilty of felony in carrying 

 them away. With respect to what shall 

 be considered a sufficient carrying away, 

 to constitute the offence of larceny, it 

 seems that any, the least removing of the 

 thing taken, from tire place where it was 

 before, is sufficient for this purpose, 

 though it be not quite carried off; but 

 there must be a removal from the place, 

 though it is put back again : and where 

 a pack in a waggon was not actually 

 moved away, but only turned up an end, 

 in order to be carried off, it was held no 

 ielony. 



As grand larceny is a felonious and 

 fraudulent taking of the mere personal 

 goods of another above the value of i2</., 

 so it is petit larceny, where the thing stolen 

 is but of the value of I2d., or under. In 

 the several other particulars above men- 

 tioned, petit larceny agrees with grand 

 larceny ; but in a petit larceny there 

 can be no accessaries either before or 

 after. 



Larceny from the person. If larceny 

 from the person be done privily without 

 one's knowledge, by picking of pockets 

 or otherwise, it is excluded from the 

 benefit of clergy, by 8 Elizabeth, c. 4. 

 provided the thing stolen be above the 

 values of 12^-, but if done openly and 



