LAT 



LAT 



to defend it from bruises by the latter ; 

 the upper end of the puppets are per- 

 forated with cylindrical holes, to receive 

 truly turned pins, mi, and which are fix- 

 ed at any place by screws, o o ; these 

 holes must be exactly in a line with each 

 other, when the puppets are set at any 

 place upon the bar, and it is to accom- 

 plish this, that too much care, cannot be 

 taken in forming- the bar perfectly 

 straight and true in the first instance, 

 arid of sufficient strength to preserve its 

 figure. F is another puppet, fixed on 

 the bar, in the same manner as 13 and E : 

 it has a conical hole through its upper 

 end, whose centre is exactly in the same 

 line with the holes through the other two 

 puppets D and E ; this conical hole is the 

 socket for the mandrill, G, to turn in, be- 

 ing- conical at that part, and fitting the 

 socket with the greatest accuracy ; the 

 other end is pointed, and turns in a hole 

 made in the pin, n, of the puppet, D, and 

 which, besides the screw, o, has another 

 at its end tapped into a cock, screwed to 

 the puppet, to keep it up to its work ; 

 the mandrill has a pulley fixed on it, 

 with three grooves of different sizes, to 

 receive a band of catgut which goes over 

 it, and round the great iron wheel, A A ; 

 it is by this that he' mandrill is turned. I 

 is the rest, composed of three principal 

 pieces, shown separate in fig. 5, one of 

 these pieces, r, is filed to an angle with- 

 inside, and furnished with a screw similar 

 to the puppets, whereby it can be fasten- 

 ed to the bar ; on each side of this, 

 pieces of iron, s s, are laid on the bar, 

 and are fastened tog-ether by two short 

 bars, 1 1, to which they are both screwed, 

 the main piece, r, being cut away to make 

 room for them. L is the bottom part of 

 the rest, supported on the two pieces, 

 s s, it has a dove-tailed groove along the 

 underside ; a button, with a head like a 

 screw, is fastened to the top of the main 

 piece, r, and is received into the groove ; 

 when the screw of the piece, r, is turned, 

 it draws the button down towards the 

 bar, and as its head takes its bearing on 

 the inside of the groove, it must hold the 

 piece L fast down upon the pieces, s s ; 

 when the screw is loosened, the whole 

 rest can be moved along the bar B, the 

 piece L can be slid backwards and for- 

 wards upon the pieces, s s, or it can be 

 turned round upon the button of the 

 piece, r, as a centre, at the convenience 

 of the workmen ; and all these motions 

 are firmly clamped by the screw be- 

 neath the bar. The piece L has at one 

 end a short iron tube fixed to it, in this 

 an iron pin is fitted, to hold at its upper 



end the crossbar, V, on which the tool is 

 Inid, a screw is fixed in the tube, and a 

 nut upon it presses a piece of iron, w, 

 upon the ends of two short pins going- 

 through the tube, the other ends lake 

 against the large iron pin of the rest, V ; 

 when the nut is unscrewed, the rest can 

 be set higher or lower, or turned round 

 obliquely, and fixed by turning the nut ; 

 the bar, v, of the rest, is fixed on by a 

 screw, so that it can be easily changed 

 for another when worn, or for different 

 work there should be two or three of dif- 

 ferent sixes with the lathe. The mandrill, 

 G, of the lathe should be of iron, 

 and at the part where it turns in the 

 collar, F, it should have a piece of good 

 steel welded round it, and turned very 

 true in a lathe, and also the point at the 

 end should be of steel; a small hole is 

 drilled down from the top of the puppet, 

 F, into the collar, to supply it occasional- 

 ly with oil. The end of the mandrill, be- 

 yond the collar, is formed into a male 

 screw, whereon to fix the work to be 

 turned. The manner of holding the 

 work varies in almost every instance, 

 and is explained under the article TCRX- 

 IXG ; in general, it is held in pieces of 

 wood called cheeks, screwed to the man- 

 drill, they are turned hollow like a dish, 

 and the work is driven into the cavity, as 

 shown in fig. 1. 



LATHRJEA, in botany, a genus of the 

 Didynamia Angiospermia class and order. 

 Natural order of Personatae. Pedicu- 

 lares, Jussieu. Essential character : ca- 

 lyx four-cleft; gland depressed at the. 

 base of the suture of the germ ; capsule 

 one-celled. There are four species, of 

 which L. squamaria, great tooth-wort, 

 has a headed root, branched and sur- 

 rounded with white succulent scales ; it 

 is parasitical, and generally attached to 

 the roots of elms, hasels, or some other 

 trees, in a shady situation ; or, it has 

 usually a naked stem ; flowers in a spike 

 from one side of the stem in a double, 

 row ; calyx hairy ; segments equal ; co- 

 rolla pale purple, or flesh-coloured, ex- 

 cept the lower lips, which is white. Na- 

 tive of most parts of Europe. 



LATHYRUS, in botany, a genus of 

 the Diadelphia Decandria class and or- 

 der. Natural order of Papilionaceae or 

 Leguminosae. Essential character: ca- 

 lyx two, upper segments shorter ; style 

 flat, villose above, broader at the end. 

 There are twenty-three species, among 

 which is the L. odoratus, sweet lathyrus, 

 or sweet pea, as it is commonly called, is 

 an annual plant, about three feet in 

 height, attaching itself to the nearest 



