LIE 



LIE 



are 

 the 



. on 



wool of a brown reddish colour, or a dull 

 but durable crimson, paler and more 

 lusting than that of orchall. L. islandi- 

 cus is used by the Icelanders in their 

 broth ; they also dry it, and make it into 



bread, Sec. 



LICHEX, in medicine, 



tetter or ring- 



of considerable use, particularly in ligence, and the like ; but by no means 

 _ art of dyeing. L. rocella, or orchall, in treaties, truces, signals of capitulation, 

 us an article of commerce, is of great or surrender : and the difference is, that 

 importance, being extremely valuable the former suppose hostilitiesto continue, 

 for dyeing wool or silk any shade of pur- the latter are calculated to terminate or 

 pie or crimson. L. onphalodes will dye suspend them. Many people indulge in 



1 serious discourse a habit of fiction and 

 exaggeration, in the accounts they give 

 of themselves, of their acquaintance, or 

 of the extraordinary things which they 

 have seen or heard ; and so long as the 

 facts they relate are indifferent, and their 

 narratives, though false, are inoffensive, it 



, a cutaneous disease, defined by Dr. may seem a superstitious regard to truth 

 Willan, " an extensive eruption of papillae to censure them merely for truth's sake 

 affecting adults, connected with internal Yet the practice ought to be checked: 

 disorder, usually terminating in scurf, re- for, in the first place, it is almost impossi- 

 current, not contagious." The Doctor has ble to pronounce beforehand with cer- 

 mentionedfive varieties. tainty concerning any lie, that it is inof- 



LICULA, in botany, a genus of the fensive, or to say what ill conseque 

 Appendix Palm<e. Natural order of may result from a lie apparently moff 

 Palms. Essential character : flowers all sive : and, in the next place, the habit, 

 hermaphrodite ; calyx and corolla three- when once formed, is easily extended to 

 parted ; nectary sertiform ; drupe. There serve the designs of malice or interest; 

 is but one species, vis. L. spinosa, a like all habits, it spreads indeed of itscif. 

 native of Macassar and Celebes, where Pious frauds, as they are improperly 

 the inhabitants make much use of the enough called, pretended inspirations, 

 narrow leaves for tobacco pipes, and forged books, counterfeit miracles, are 

 broad ones for wrapping up fruit, &c. ; impositions of a more serious nature, 

 the wood is of little use, not being dura- is possible that they may sometimes, 

 bl e> though seldom, have been set up and en- 



LIS, in morals, denotes a criminal couraged with a design to do good ; but 

 breach of veracity. Dr. Paley, in treat- the good they aim at requires that the 

 ing of this subject, observes, that there belief of them should be perpetual, which 

 are falsehoods which are not lies ; that is, is hardly possible ; and the detection of 

 - i --J -LI the fraud is sure to disparage the credit 



which are not criminal : and there are lies 

 which are not literally and directly false. 

 I. Cases of the first class are those : 

 1. Where no one is deceived ; as, for in- 

 stance, in parables, fables, novels, jests, put^ together, 

 tales to create mirth, or ludicrous em- 



of all pretensions of the same nature. 

 Christianity has suffered more injury 

 from this cause than from all other causes 



II. As there may be falsehoods which 

 lies without 

 An opening 



beliishments of a story, in which the de- are not lies, so there may be lies without 



clared design of the speaker is not to literal or direct falsehood. An openin- 



inform, but to divert ; compliments in the is always left for this species of prevari 



subscription of a letter ; a prisoner's cation, when the literal and grammatical 



pleading not guilty ; an advocate assert- signification of a sentence is different 



ing the justice, or 'his belief of the justice from the popular and customary mean- 



of his client's cause. In such instances ing. It is the wilful deceit that makes 



no confidence is destroyed, because none the lie ; and we wilfully deceive when 



was reposed ; no promise to speak the our expressions are not true in the sense 



truth is violated, because none was given 

 or understood to be given. 2. Where the 

 person you speak to has no right to know 



in whicli we believe the hearer appre- 

 hends them. Besides, it is absurd to 

 contend for any sense of words in oppo- 



the truth, or, more properly, where little sition to usage ; for all senses of all words 



or no inconveniency results from the want arc founded upon usage, and upon no- 



of confidence in such cases; as where thing else. Or a man may, act a He; as by 



you tell a falsehood to a madman for his pointing his finger in a wrong direction 



own advantage ; to a robber, to conceal when a traveller inquires of him his road, 



your property ; to an assassin, to defeat or when a tradesman shuts up his win- 



or to divert him from his purpose. It is dows to induce his creditors to believe 



upon this principle, that, by the laws of that he is abroad; for to all moral purposes 



war, it is allowed to deceive an enemy and therefore as to veracity, speech and 



by feints, fajse colours, spies, false intel- action are the same ; speech being only 



