LIR 



L1S 



n all compositions for coughs, afxl disor- 

 ders of the stomach; but by far the great- 

 est quantity is used by brewers. The 

 common liquorice is cultivated in most 

 countries of Europe, for the sake of its 

 root ; but in Spain and Italy, and particu- 

 larly in Sicily and Calabria, it makes a 

 considerable article of commerce with 

 this country. In Calabria, liquorice is 

 chiefly manufactured, and exported from 

 Corigliano, Rossano, Cassano, and Paler- 

 mo. The Calabrian liquorice, upon the 

 whole, is preferable to that coming from 

 Sicily, and the Italian paste to that com- 

 ing "from Spain. Liquorice also grows 

 in great abundance in the Levant ; and 

 vast quantities of it are consumed there, 

 in making a decoction, which is drank 

 cold in the summer, in the manner of 

 sherbet. 



To prepare liquorice, the roots are 

 boiled a long time in water, till the 

 fluid has got a deep yellow tincture ; 

 and the water at length evaporated till 

 the remains acquire a consistency, when 

 they are formed into sticks, which are 

 packed up with bay leaves, in the 

 same order as we receive them. The 

 boiling requires the utmost care and pre- 

 caution, as the juice takes an unpleasant 

 smell and flavour, if burnt in the least 

 degree. 



LIR10DENDRUM, in botany, a genus 

 of the Polyandria Polygynia class and 

 order. Natural order of Coadunatx. 

 Magnolia:, Jussieu. Essential character: 

 calyx three-leaved; petals six ; seeds im- 

 bricated into a strobile. There are two 

 species, viz. L. tulipifera, common tulip 

 tree ; and L. lillifera ; the former is a na- 

 tive of North America, where it is a tree 

 of the first magnitude, and is generally 

 known in all the English settlements by 

 the name of poplar. The young shoots 

 of this tree are covered with a smooth 

 purplish bark; they are garnished with 

 targe leaves, whose foot-stalks are four 

 inches long; the leaves are of a singular 

 form, being divided into three lobes ; the 

 middle lobe is blunt and hollowed at the 

 point, appearing us if it had been cut with 

 scissars ; the upper surface of the leaves 

 is smooth, and of a lucid green, the un- 

 der of a pale green ; the flowers are pro- 

 duced at the end of the branches, com- 

 posed of six petals, three without and 

 three within, forming a sort of bell-shap- 

 ed flower, whence the inhabitants of 

 North America gave it the name of tulip ; 

 the petals are marked with green, yel- 

 low, and red spots, making a beautiful 

 appearance when the trees ?.re charged 

 -,,:lh flowers ; \vhcn the flowers fall off; 



the germ swells, and forms a kind 

 of cone, which does not ripen in Eng- 

 land ; the handsomest tree of this kind, 

 near London, is in a garden at \Valtluun 

 Abbey. 



The wood is used for canoes, bowls, 

 dishes, spoons, and all sorts of joiners' 

 work. 



Kalm speaks of having seen a barn of 

 considerable size, the sides and roof of 

 which were made of a single tulip-tree 

 split into boards ; there is no wood that 

 contracts and expands so much as this, 

 which is a great inconvenience attending 

 it ; the bark is divisible into thin laminae, 

 which are tough like bast. 



LISIANTHUS, in botany, a genus of 

 the Pentanclria Monogynia class and 

 order. Natural order of Rotaceae. Gen- 

 tian DC, Jussieu. Essential character : ca- 

 lyx keeled ; corolla with a ventrico.se 

 tube, and recurved divisions; stigma 

 two-plated ; capsule two-celled, two- 

 valved; the margins of the valves intort- 

 ed. There are nine species, natives of 

 Jamaica. 



LISTING. Persons listed are to be 

 carried within four days, but not sooner 

 than twenty-four hours, after they have 

 enlisted, before the next justice of peace 

 of any county, riding', city, or place, or 

 chief magistrate of any city or town cor- 

 porate (not being an officer in the army) ; 

 and if, before such justice or magistrate 

 they dissent from such listing, and return 

 the listing money, and also twenty shil- 

 ling's, in lieu of all charges expended on 

 them, they are to be discharged. But 

 such persons refusing or neglecting to re- 

 turn and pay such money within twenty- 

 four hours, shall be deemed as duly listed 

 as if they had assented thereto before the 

 proper magistrate ; and they will, in that 

 case, be obliged to take the oath, or upon 

 refusal they shall be confined by the offi- 

 cer who listed them till they do take it. 

 Persons owning before the proper magis- 

 trate, that they voluntarily listed them- 

 selves, arc obliged to take the oath, or 

 suffer confinement by the officer who 

 listed them till they do take it. The 

 magistrate is obliged, in both cases, to 

 certify that such persons are duly listed ; 

 setting forth their birth, age, and calling, 

 if known ; and that the second and sixth 

 sections of the articles of war, against 

 mutiny and desertion, were read to them, 

 and til at they had taken the oath. Offi- 

 cers offending herein are to be cashiered, 

 and displaced from their office; to be dis- 

 abled from holding any post, civil or mili- 

 tary ; and to forfeit 100/. Persons receiv- 

 ing inlisting money from any officer, 



