LUP 



the chord line A G; or, in general, that 

 the small segment, A K G A, is equal to 

 the tri-lineal A I H A. For, the angle 

 A F G being at the centre of the one cir- 

 cle, and at the circumference of the other, 

 the arcs cut off A G, A I are similar to 

 the wholes ABC, ADC, therefore the 

 small segment A K G A is to the semi- 

 segment A I H, as the whole semi-circle 

 A B C A to the semi-segment or quadrant 

 A D C F, that is, in a ratio of equality. 

 Again, if A B C (fig. 8) be a triangle, 

 right-angled at C, and it semi-circles be 

 described on the three sides as diameters ; 

 then the triangle T (ABC) is equal to 

 the sum ot "the two limes L 1, L 2. For 

 the greatest semi-circle is equal to the 

 sum of both the other two ; from the 

 greatest semi-circle take away the seg- 

 ments S 1, and S 2, and there remains the 

 triangle T ; also from the two less semi- 

 circles take away the same two segments 

 S 1 and S 2, and there remains the two 

 lunesLl, and L2; therefore the trian- 

 gle T = L I -f- L 2, the two lunes. 



LUNETTE, in fortification, an enve- 

 loped counter-guard, or mound of earth, 

 made beyond the second ditch, opposite to 

 the place of arms; differing from the ra- 

 velines only in their situation. Lunettes 

 are usually made in wet ditches, and serve 

 to defend the passage of the ditch. 



LUNGS, a part of the human body, 

 which is the cause or instrument of respi- 

 ration. 



LUP1NUS, in botany, lupine, a genus of 

 the Diadelphia DecandYia class and order- 

 Natural order of Papilionacese or Legu- 

 minosce. Essential character : calyx two 

 lipped ; anthers five oblong, five round- 

 ish; legume coriaceous. There are ten 

 species, the most common is the L. luteus, 

 yellow lupine, which is about one foot in 

 height, having digitate leaves, composed 

 of seven, eight, or nine hairy leaflets, 

 nearly two inches long : the flowers are 

 odorous in loose spikes at the end of the 

 branches, composed of several whorls, 

 terminated by three or four flowers, sit- 

 ting close at the top ; these are succeed- 

 ed by ovate flattish hairy pods, about two 

 inches long, standing erect, inclosing four 

 or five seeds, compressed, of a yellowish 

 white colour, variegated with dark spots : 

 it is a native of Sicily. 



LUPULUS, the hop, in botany, &c. 

 See HOP andHuwuLus. 

 LUPUS. See CANIS. 

 LUPUS, in ornithology, the same with 

 the monedula, or jackdaw- See 



LUPUS marinus, the sen-wo//, in ichthv 

 ology, formerly constituted a genus of ma - 

 lacopterygious fishes, with a compressed 

 body, and six or more ossicles in the 

 membrane of the gills. On the back 

 there is only one fin, which extends al- 

 most from the head to the tail. It is a 

 very singular fish, growing to four or five 

 feet long. This fish is now called AN- 

 ARRHICH AS, by the generality of authors ; 

 which see. 



LUPUS, in astronomy, a southern con- 

 stellation, consisting of nineteen, or, ac- 

 cording to Fiamstead, of twenty.four 

 stars. 



LURIDJE, in botany, the name of the 

 twenty -eighth order in Linnaeus's "Frag- 

 ments of a Natural Method," consisting of 

 plants whose pale and ominous appearance 

 seems to indicate something noxious in 

 their nature and quality : theatropa, dead- 

 ly night-shade ; capsicum, guinea-pepper ; 

 digitalis, fox-glove ; nicotiania, tobacco, 

 &c. are of this order. Most of the plants 

 contained in the order are herbaceous 

 and perennial ; the roots are generally 

 branched, sometimes tuberous ; the stems 

 and branches are cylindric : the leaves 

 are simple, and placed alternate ; the 

 flowers are hermaphrodite ; the calyx is 

 one piece deeply divided into five parts ; 

 the corolla consists of one petal, which 

 is either bell, funnel, or wheel-shaped ; 

 the stamina are four or five ; the seed- 

 bud is placed above the receptacle of 

 the flower; the seed vessel is some- 

 times a berry, sometimes a capsule; the 

 seeds are numerous, and frequently kid- 

 ney-shaped. These plants have an insi- 

 pid taste, and a nauseous disagreeable 

 smell ; the greater part, taken internally, 

 if in considerable quantity, prove mor- 

 tal, unless prevented operating by eme- 

 tics, &c. 



LUST, in the sea-language. When a 

 ship heels more one way than another, 

 she is said to have a lust that way. 



LUSTRE, in mineralogy, is a term 

 much used in modern works of chemis- 

 try. The lusire of minerals in respect of 

 intensity is of five kinds; 1. Splendent, 

 when in full daylight the lustre can be 

 seen at a great distance : 2. Shining, 

 when at a distance the reflected light is 

 weak : 3 Glistening, when the lustre is 

 only observable at no greater distance 

 than an arm's length : 4. Glimmering-, 

 when the surface held near the eye in 

 full daylight presents a number of shin- 

 ing points : 5. Dull, when the surface 

 hfts no lustre- There are two kinds of 



