MAM 



MAN 



that respire alternately ; jaws incumbent, 

 covered ; teetli visually within ; teats lac- 

 tiferous ; organs of sense, tongue, nos- 

 trils, eyes, ears, and papillre of the skin ; 

 covering, hair, which is scanty in warm 

 climates, and scarcely any on aquatics ; 

 supporters, four feet, except in aquatics ; 

 and in most a tail ; walk on the earth and 

 speak. Such is the Linnxan account. 

 They suckle their young by means of lac- 

 tiferous teats, and hence the name mam- 

 malia. In structure they resemble man ; 

 most of them are quadrupeds, and with 

 man inhabit the surface of the . earth : a 

 few of them exist in the ocean. There 

 are seven orders, the characters of which 

 are taken from the number, situation, 

 and structure of the teeth. The names 

 of the orders are, 



Glircs, 



Pecora, 



Primates, 



Brut a, 

 Cete, 



Ferse, 



which see. 



MAMMARY gland, in anatomy, is a 

 glandular substance situated in the breast, 

 and secreting the milk. 



This gland, surrounded by cellular and 

 adipous substance, and covered by the 

 common integuments, constitutes the 

 breast. It lies on the anterior surface of 

 the pectoralis major muscle. 



In men, and in young girls, these bo- 

 dies are small ; they en-large in the female 

 subject very considerably at the time of 

 puberty, assuming an hemispherical shape, 

 and pretty firm consistence, which, how- 

 ever, is lost as the subject advances in 

 years, particularly in women who have 

 suckled many children. 



The skin of the breasts is white, and 

 soft to the touch, except in the middle, 

 where there is a portion of a reddish 

 brown colour, called the areola. From 

 the centre of this the nipple projects, in 

 the form of a cylindrical prominence, 

 with a rounded end, similar in colour to 

 the ai-eola, and covered, like that part, 

 by a more delicate continuation of the 

 skin, which is somewhat wrinkled and ir- 

 regular on its surface. Both the areola 

 arid nipple are furnished with numerous 

 sebaceous glands, which may be clearly 

 seen through the integuments. The mat- 

 ter which these secrete, preserves the 

 parts from the excoriation which they 

 would otherwise suffer from suckling. 

 The mammary gland is composed of a 

 vast congeries of" small tubes, convoluted 

 and accumulated on each other, and 

 known by the technical iiuine* of tubttli 



lactiferi. These unite together, gradually 

 forming larger and larger trunks, which 

 approach from all sides towards the nip* 

 pie. The trunks become very much con- 

 tracted at the areola, and in this state pass 

 through the nipple, to terminate on its 

 surface by open orifices, about fifteen in 

 number, whose size is about sufficient to 

 admit a hog's bristle. This structure can 

 only be shewn during the period of suck- 

 ling. 



The use of thf milk secreted in these 

 glands, as a nutriment for the young ani- 

 mal, is known to every body. It is singu- 

 lar that they should exist in the male, 

 where they never perform any office 

 whatever ; at least, except in very rare 

 instances, where a fluid of a milky na- 

 ture has been poured out from them. 



MAMMEA, in botany, a genus of the 

 Polygamia Monoecia, or Dioecia class and 

 order. Natural order of Guttiferse, Jus- 

 sieu. Essential character : calyx one- 

 leafed, two-parted ; corolla four-petalled ; 

 berry very large, four-seeded. There is 

 but one species, viz. M. Americana, Ame- 

 rican mammee, which is a lofty, upright, 

 handsome tree, with a thick spreading 

 elegant head ; it has a long tap root, 

 which renders it difficult to transplant ; 

 the leaves are oval, quite entire, extreme- 

 ly shining, leathery, firm, with parallel 

 transverse streaks, on short petioles from 

 five to eight inches in length ; peduncles 

 one-flowered, scattered over the stouter 

 branches ; flowers sweet, white, an inch 

 and half in diameter ; the calyx is often 

 trifid, with a five-petalled corolla. It is a 

 native of the Caribbee islands, and the 

 neighbouring continent. 



MAN. The natural history of man is 

 yet in its infancy ; insomuch that we can- 

 not pretend to give any thing like a com- 

 plete view of the subject. The descrip- 

 tion and arrangement of the various pro- 

 ductions of the globe, have occupied nu- 

 merous observers in all ages of the world; 

 and every insect and plant of common 

 occurrence has been described with mi- 

 nute accuracy, while the human subject 

 alone has been almost entirely neglected. 

 It is only of late that the natural history 

 of man has begun to receive its due 

 share of attention ; and we shall venture 

 to assert, that, whether we regard the in- 

 trinsic importance of the questions that 

 arise, or merely advert to the pleasure of 

 the research, no subject will be found 

 more deserving of minute investigation. 

 Much of the following sketch is derived 

 from Blumenbach, " De Generis Humani 

 Varietate Nativa." Ed. 3d, Getting. 1795-, 

 to which we refer the reader for more 



