MAN. 



clothing 1 , by the state of society, and the 

 manner of life in general. Dr. Smith (Es- 

 say on Complexion and Figure,) informs 

 us, that in America, the field slaves, who 

 are badly fed, clothed, and lodged, are 

 remote from the society and example of 

 their superiors, and retain many of the 

 customs and manners of their African an- 

 cestors, are slow in changing the aspect 

 and figure of Africa ; while the domestic 

 servants, who are employed in the fami- 

 lies of their masters, see their manners, 

 and adopt their habits, have advanced far 

 before them in acquiring the agreeable 

 and regular features, and the expressive 

 countenance, of civilized society. He 

 also mention?, that persons who have 

 been captured from the States, and have 

 grown up in the habits of savage life, con- 

 tract such a strong resemblance of the na- 

 tives in their countenance, and even their 

 complexion, as to afford a striking proof, 

 that the differences which exist in the 

 same latitude, between the Anglo-Ameri- 

 can and the Indian, depend principally on 

 the state of society. 



Perhaps the strongest circumstance, in 

 illustration of the effect of climate on the 

 human complexion, may be derived from 

 the Creoles, which word, sometimes 

 strangely confounded with that of Mulat- 

 to, is applied properly to the offspring of 

 European parents born in the East or 

 West Indies. These have such a pecu- 

 liar character of complexion and counte- 

 nance, (" austrum quasi spirans vultus et 

 color, maxime quoque com?e etardentium 

 quasi oculorum,") that they are easily 

 distinguished by those points alone, from 

 their relations born in Europe. (Hawkes- 

 worth's Collection, vol. iii. p. 374.) The 

 same observation holds good also of the 

 offspring of Persian or Mongolian pa- 

 rents born in the East Indies. (Hodge's 

 Travels in India, p. 3.) 



COLOUR ASTD DENOMINATIONS OF THE 

 MIXED BREEDS. 



We have already noticed how constant- 

 ly the children, produced from the copu- 

 lation "of individuals of different races, 

 exhibit what we may call the middle 

 tinge, formed as it were by the mixture 

 of those of the two parents. 



In the first generation, the offspring of 

 Europeans and Negroes are called Mu- 

 lattoes ; of Europeans and Indians, Mes- 

 tizes ; of Europeans and Americans, 

 Mostizes, also Mestindi, Metifi, and Ma- 

 rnelucks; of Negroes and Americans, 

 Zambi, or Mulattoes, or Lobos, Curibo- 

 cas, and Kabuglos. All these, have the 



VOL. IV, 



middle countenance and colour, formed 

 by the union of those of both parents ; 

 the latter is more or less brown or tawny, 

 with hardly any visible redness of the 

 cheek. The hair of the Mulatto is curled, 

 in the other instances straigh;, and almost, 

 invariably black ; the iris is brown. 



In the second generation, two Mulat- 

 toes produce Casquos ; an European and 

 Mulatto, a Terceron, who is called by 

 some a Morisco, or Mestize. The hail' 

 and countenance of these resemble those 

 of the European ; the skin has a slight 

 brown tint, and the cheeks a degree of 

 redness ; the scrotum is blackish in the 

 male, and the labia pudendi rather pur- 

 ple in the female. A Negro and Mulatto 

 produce Griffos, Zambos de Mulata, or 

 Cabros ; an European and Indian Mes- 

 tize, Castissos ; an European and Ameri- 

 can Mestize, Quarterons ; an American 

 and a Mestize, Tresalvos ; an American 

 and Mulatto, Mestizes ; an European 

 and Zambo, Mulattoes ; two Zambos, 

 Cholos. 



In the third generation, Europeans and 

 Tercerons produce Quarterons, Ocha- 

 vons, Octavons, or Alvinos; which, ac- 

 cording to the most acute observers, re- 

 tain no traces of their African original. 

 A Mulatto and Terceron produce a Sal- 

 tatra ; an European and Castisso, a Postis- 

 so ; an European and American Qu aile- 

 ron, an Octavon. Some carry the genea- 

 logy of these hybrid races into the 

 fourth generation, calling the children of 

 Europeans and Quarterons, Quinterons ; 

 but it is not credible that any trace of 

 mixed origin can remain in this case, ac- 

 cording to the observation of the most 

 respectable eye-witnesses concerning the 

 third generation. Besides the varieties of 

 colour already noticed, there is a devia- 

 tion sometimes occurring in the Negro, 

 consisting of white portions of skin of 

 various sizes and numbei's, scattered over 

 the body ; these are called piebald Ne- 

 groes, and are produced from two black 

 parents. The appearance is probably 

 owing to some altered action of the skin, 

 and seems analogous to the blackening of 

 portions of the surface, which has been 

 observed in Europeans, particularly in 

 pregnant females. 



The skin differs also in some other 

 properties besides its colour. Travellers 

 have described it as remarkably soft and 

 smooth, and as it were silky, in the Ca- 

 rib, Negro, Otaheitean, and Turk. It se- 

 cretes a matter of peculiar odour in some 

 races, as the Carib, Negro, &c. 



The hair, as it grows and is nourished 

 from the common integuments, is con- 



E e 



