MAN. 



jjcctcd with them in many points by a 

 close kind of sympathy. Hence, the spot- 

 ted Africans have different coloured hairs. 

 Every gradation of colour, from the fair 

 to the black, is accompanied by its cor- 

 respondent alterations in the hair. This 

 is true, not only of nations, but also of in- 

 dividuals. A light complexion is accom- 

 panied with reel or fair hair, a dark one 

 with black hair, almost invariably, even 

 iii individuals of the same family ; a dif- 

 ference, which, according 1 to the philoso- 

 phy of some writers, would be a sufficient 

 ground for classing them in different spe- 

 cies. The other properties of the hair 

 vary, as well as its colour ; and these 

 changes may be brought under the four 

 following varieties : 



1. Brownish, or red, deviating into 

 yellow and black; this is copious, soft, 

 and long, and slightly undulated : it ob- 

 tains in most of the temperate climates of 

 Europe ; and was formerly particularly 

 noticed in the Germans. 



2. Black, strong, straight, and thin; 

 occurring in the Mongolian and Ameri- 

 can races. 



3. Black, softer, dense, and copious, 

 and curled ; observable in most of the 

 South Sea islanders. 



4. Black and crisp, so as generally to 

 be called woolly ; common to all the Ethi- 

 opians. 



The above division, although sufficient 

 for general purposes, is not uniformly 

 true. For the woolly hair is not confined 

 entirely to the Ethiopian, nor is a black 

 colour invariably found in all the three 

 last varieties. Some tribes of Africans 

 have long hair, and other red coloured 

 people, as those of the Duke of York's 

 Island, have it woolly. The New Hol- 

 landers form so complete a medium be- 

 tween the woolly haired African, and the 

 copious curling hair of the other South 

 Sea islanders, that we are completely 

 puzzled how to class them. 



Many instances are recorded of red 

 hair in individuals, of such varieties as 

 commonly have it black, as in some South 

 Sea islands. 



Some facts seem to indicate, that cli- 

 mate and mode of life have considerable 

 influence on the hair. Dr. Smith ob- 

 serves, that the hair of Europeans, set- 

 tled in America, changes visibly towards 

 that of the American Abori.--.ines ; so that 

 in the second and third race, straight lank 

 hair is almost universal. In Angora, a 

 small district of Asia Minor, the sheep, 

 goats, cats, and rabbits, have always been 

 celebrated for the uncommon length and 

 firmness of their hair. The common 



sheep in warm clbnates is covered wit], 

 hair, instead of wool. That the mode of 

 life will influence the hair, is very cer- 

 tain ; the wild pig 1 has a soft curling hair 

 interposed between its bristles, which in 

 the domesticated animal is entirely lost. 

 The influence of various causes, which 

 may be comprehended under the general 

 term of cultivation, is very striking in the 

 sheep and goat ; the great difference in 

 the wool produced from the former, 

 under various circumstances, is \\ el! 

 known; and a person, who was acquainted 

 with the covering of the goat in Euro- 

 pean climtites, would hardly believe it 

 possible, that the material from which the 

 precious shawls of Cashmere are manu- 

 factured, could be produced from the 

 same animal. 



Colour of the iris. It has long been ob- 

 served that the colour of the eyes de- 

 pends on that of the skin ; and that these 

 organs are blue or light in fair, and dark 

 in black persons. Hence, newly born 

 children, in these climates, have general- 

 ly bluish eves and light hair ; and the 

 Colour of both changes together at a sub- 

 sequent period, in ihe individuals who arc 

 of a dark complexion. And in the same 

 way, when the hair loses its colour in old 

 age, the pigment of the eye becomes 

 lighter. This connection is still more 

 strongly evinced in spotted animals; and 

 is particularly clear in the rabbit The 

 native and wild gray kind has a brown 

 iris : the black and white variety has it 

 spotted : and the perfectly white has it 

 red, from the entire absence of colouring 

 matter. 



There are three principal varieties oi 

 colour in the iris : first, blue ; secondly, 

 gray; thirdly, brown, tending to black. 

 These may all occur in different indivi- 

 duals of the same race; and again, they 

 are sometimes confined to the different 

 tribes of the same country, within the 

 boundaries of a few degrees. Thus Lin- 

 naeus describes, in Sweden, the Goth- 

 lander with white hair and grayish blue 

 eyes; the Finlander, with red hair, and 

 brown iris ; and the Laplander, with 

 black hair and iris. The ancient Ger- 

 mans were distinguished by their blue 

 eyes, as well as red or rather yellow hair 

 (caerulei oculi, rutihc comx, Tacitus). 

 The iris of the Negro is the most intense- 

 ly black, so that in living individuals it 

 can be distinguished from the pupil onlv 

 by very close inspection. 



The Mbino. We shall introduce in this 

 place our observations on that singular 

 variety of the human race ; termed the 



