MAN. 



roots : for those who do not destroy it 

 have not oniy considerable beards on 

 every part of the chin, but also whiskers, 

 or musiachios, running from the upper 

 lip to the lower jaw obliquely down- 

 wards." (Last Voyage, vol. ii. p. 240.) 

 The observation concerning the menses 

 has arisen from the women being seclud- 

 ed during their appearance. The red- 

 ness of the skin is not so constant, but 

 that it varies in many instances towards a 

 brown, and approaches likewise in some 

 temperate situations to the white colour. 

 Cook states, that the natives about Nootka 

 Sound are little inferior in fairness to 

 Europeans ; and Bouguer makes the 

 same observation of the Peruvians on the 

 Andes. It is also fully ascertained at pre- 

 sent, that the Americans possess the same 

 varieties of feature which are observed 

 In the other races. 



5. MaUiy -variety. Brown colour ; hair 

 black, soft, curled, and abundant ; head 

 moderately narrow, and forehead slightly 

 arched ; nose full and broad towards the 

 apex ; large mouth ; upper jaw rather 

 prominent; the features, when viewed 

 in profile, projecting and distinct. The 

 inhabitants of the peninsula of Malacca, 

 of the South Sea, Ladrone, Philippine, 

 Molucca, and Sunda islands, are arranged 

 under this division. 



As the Americans in their national cha- 

 racters hold the middle place between 

 that middle variety of the human race, 

 which we have called the Caucasians, 

 and one of the extremes, viz. the Mongo- 

 lians ; so the Malay forms the connecting 

 link between the Caucasian and the 

 Ethiopian. The name of Malay is given 

 to it, because most of the tribes which it 

 includes, as those which inhabit the In- 

 dian islands near Malacca, the Sandwich, 

 Society, and Friendly islands, also those 

 of Madagascar, and thence to Easter 

 island, use the Malay language. 



The inhabitants of such various and 

 distant countries may reasonably be ex- 

 pected to differ considerably in elegance 

 of form, and in other circumstances of 

 bodih organization. Hence some have 

 even described two races in the island of 

 Otaheite ; one of light colour, tall stature, 

 and countenance scarcely distinguishable 

 from the European : the' other of mode- 

 rate stature, with the colour and counte- 

 nance of the Mulatto, crisp hair, &c. 

 The latter, therefore, constitutes an inter- 

 mediate gradation, passing towards the 

 inhabitants of the western islands of the 

 Pacific Ocean. And of these the men of 

 the New Hebrides form a link of connec- 

 tion with those of New Guinea and New 



Holland, which are so very similar to 

 the Ethiopian variety, that they might be 

 arranged without impropriety under tluvt 

 division. 



The varieties which we have just stated 

 are so many proofs of that pliancy so 

 wisely bestowed by nature on the human 

 constitution, to enable it to adapt itself 

 to every clime. Thus the goodness of 

 the Creator appears, in forming the 

 whole world for man, and in opening to 

 him every opportunity of enlarging his 

 habitation, and multiplying his scientific 

 acquirements ; instead of confining him, 

 like the inferior animals, to a bounded 

 range. He is completely unrestrained 

 in the choice of his dwelling, by conside- 

 rations of air, temperature, &c. ; and 

 consequently far exceeds all other parts 

 of animated creation in extension over 

 the surface of the globe. Gmelin expe- 

 rienced cold of 126 below of Fahren- 

 heit's scale, at Jeniseik, in Siberia. The 

 Greenlander lives, and follows his occu- 

 pations, where the vegetable creation can 

 no longer subsist, and where the snow- 

 bunting, with the polar fox and bear, 

 half frozen, and perishing with hunger, 

 hide themselves in holes of the ground. 

 On the contrary, in Senegal, the ther- 

 mometer mounts sometimes to 117 above 

 ; and a natural warmth of 125 has been 

 experienced. In short, man lives in 

 every part of the known world (except- 

 ing some unexplored northern countries, 

 and a few remote southern islands), from 

 Greenland to Terra del Fuego, from 

 Spitzbergen to the Cape, from the 80th 

 degree of north to the 58th of south lati- 

 tude. 



MANDAMUS, is a writ issuing in the 

 King's name, out of the Court of King's 

 Bench, and directed to any person, cor- 

 poration, or inferior court of judicature, 

 commanding them to do some particular 

 thing, as appertaining to their office and 

 duty. 



A writ of mandamus is a high preroga- 

 tive writ, of a most extensive remedial 

 nature, and may be issued, in some cases, 

 where the injured party has also another 

 more tedious method of redress, as in 

 the case of admission or restitution to 

 an office; but it issues in all cases where 

 the party has a right to have any thing 

 done, and hath no other specific means ot 

 compelling its performance. And this ge - 

 neral jurisdiction and superintendancy of 

 the King's Bench over all inferior courts, 

 to restrain them within their bounds, 

 and to compel them to execute their ju- 

 risdiction, whether such jurisdiction 

 arises from a modern charter, subsists by 



