MAP 



MAP 



be placed where the circles of its latitude 

 and longitude intersect. For instance, 

 Gibraltar, whose latitude is 36 11", and 

 longitude 12 27', will be at G : and Ma- 

 drid, whose latitude is 40 10', and longi- 

 tude 14 44', will be at M. In like man- 

 ner, the mouth of a river must be set 

 down ; but lo describe the whole river, 

 the latitude and longitude of every turn- 

 ing must be marked down, and the towns 

 and bridges by which it passes. And so 

 for woods, forests, mountains, lakes, cas- 

 tles, &c. The boundaries will be de- 

 scribed by setting down the remarkable 

 places on the sea-coast, and drawing a 

 continued line through them all. And 

 this way is very proper for small coun- 

 tries. 



Secondly. Maps of particular places 

 are but portions of the globe, and there- 

 fore may be drawn after the same man- 

 ner as the whole is drawn. That is, such 

 a map may be drawn either by the ortho- 

 graphic or stereographic projection of 

 the sphere, as in the last problem. But 

 in partial maps, an easier way is as fol- 

 lows : having drawn the meridian AB 

 (fig. 3 ), and divided it into equal parts 

 as'in the last method, through all the 



Eoints of division draw lines perpendicu- 

 ir to A B, for the parallels of latitude; 

 CD, EF, being the extreme parallel. 

 Then to divide these, set oft* the degrees 

 in each parallel, diminished after the 

 manner directed for the two extreme 

 parallels C D, E F, in the last method : 

 and through all the corresponding points 

 draw the meridians, which will be curve 

 lines ; which were right lines in the last 

 method ; because only the extreme paral- 

 lels were divided by the table. This 

 method is proper for a large tract, as 

 Europe, &,c. ; in which case the parallels 

 and meridians need only be drawn to 

 every 5 or 10 degrees. This method is 

 much used in drawing maps, as all the 

 parts are nearly of their due magnitude, 

 but a little distorted towards the outside, 

 from the oblique intersections of the meri- 

 dians and parallels. 



Thirdly. Draw P B of a convenient 

 length, for a meridian ; divide it into 9 

 equal parts, and through the points of 

 division describe as many circles for the 

 parallels of latitude, from the centre P, 

 which represents the pole. Suppose AB 

 (fig. 4.) the height of the map, then CD 

 will be the parallel passing through the 

 greatest latitude, and E F will represent 

 the equator. Divide the equator E F into 

 equal parts, of the same size as those in 

 A B, both ways, beginning 1 at B. Divide 



also all the parallels into the same num- 

 ber of equal parts, but lesser in propor- 

 tion to the numbers for the several lati- 

 tudes, as directed in the last method for 

 the rectilineal parallels. Then through 

 ail the corresponding divisions draw curve 

 lines, which will represent the meridians, 

 the extreme ones being EC and FD. 

 Lastly, number the degrees of latitude 

 and longitude, and place a scale of equal 

 parts, either of miles or degrees, for mea- 

 suring distances. This is a very good 

 way of drawing large, maps, and is called 

 the globular projection ; all the parts of 

 the earth being represented nearly of 

 their due magnitude, excepting that they 

 are a little distorted on the outsides. 



Finally. To draw a map of Europe, 

 which extends from 36 to 72 north lati- 

 tude : draw a base line (fig 1 . 5.) G II, ir 

 the middle of which erect a perpendicu- 

 lar, I P, and assume any distance for 10 

 of latitude. Let the po'int I be 30, from 

 which set off 'six of the assumed distances 

 to P, which will be the north pole. 

 Number the distances 40, 50, 60, &c. 

 and on the centre, P, describe arcs pass- 

 ing through the points of divisions on 

 the line I P, which will be parallels of 

 latitude. Divide the space assumed for 

 10 of latitude into 60 parts, by some 

 dhigonal scale. Look into the table, Art 

 LOXG-ITCHK, for the number of miles an- 

 swering to 30, which is 51.96; take this 

 from the scale, and set it off on the arc 

 30 from the centre line both ways. Do 

 the same for 40, 50, 60, &c. and 

 through the corresponding divisions on 

 all the arcs draw curve lines ; which will 

 represent the meridian. When the de- 

 grees of latitude andlongitude are marked 

 the thing is done. 



When the place is but small that a map 

 is to be made of, as if a country were to 

 be exhibited ; the meridians, as to sense, 

 will be parallel to one another, and the 

 whole will differ very little from a plane. 

 Such a map will be made more easily 

 than by the preceding rules. It will here 

 be sufficient to measure the distances of 

 places in miles, and so lay them down in 

 a plane rectangular map. 



MAPLE, in botany, is of the genus 

 CKH, which see. Of the several species 

 the most important is the A. saccharinuin, 

 or American sugar maple, from which 

 the Americans derive sugar in large 

 quantities, by tapping the trees early in 

 the spring, and boiling the juice. For 

 this purpose large tracts of land in North 

 America are devoted to the cult. ire of 

 this tree, which yields a sugar equal to 



