MAR 



MAR 



arc formed according to the parts of the 

 design they are to represent : this is the 

 most difficult part of marquetry, and that 

 which requires the most patience and at- 

 tention. 



The leaves to be formed, of which 

 there are frequently three, four, or more 

 joined together, are, after they have been 

 glued on the outermost part of the de- 

 sign, whose profile they are to follow, 

 put within the chaps of the vice ; then 

 the workman pressing the treddle, and 

 thus holding fast the piece, with his saw 

 runs over all the outlines of his design. 

 By thus joining or forming three or four 

 pieces together, not only time is saved, 

 but also the matter is the better enabled 

 to sustain the effort of the saw, which, 

 how fine soever it may be, and how 

 slightly soever it may be conducted by 

 the workman, except this precaution 

 were taken, would be apt to raise splin- 

 ters, and ruin the beauty of the work. 

 All the pieces having been thus formed 

 by the saw, and marked, in order to their 

 being known again, each is veneered, or 

 fastened in its place, on the common 

 ground, with the best English glue ; and 

 this being done, the whole is set in a press 

 to dry, planed over, and polished with 

 the skin of the sea-dog, wax, and shave- 

 grass, as in simple veneering, and the fine 

 branches and more delicate parts of the 

 figures are touched up and finished with 

 a graver. 



MARQUIS, a title of honour, next in 

 dignity to that of duke, first given to 

 those who commanded the marches, that 

 is, the borders and frontiers of countries. 

 Marquisses were not known in England, 

 till King Richard II. in the year 1337, 

 created his great favourite, Robert Vere, 

 the earl of Oxford, Marquis of Dublin ; 

 since which time there have been many 

 creations of this sort, though at present 

 there are twelve English, two Scotch, 

 and nine Irish marquisses. The manner 

 of creating a marquis differs in nothing 

 from that of a duke, except the differ- 

 ence of the titles, and the marquis's be- 

 ing conducted by a marquis and an earl, 

 while a duke is led by a duke and a mar- 

 quis : he is also girt with a sword, has a 

 gold verge put into his hand, and his robe 

 or mantle is the same as those of a duke, 

 with only this difference, that a duke's 

 mantle has four guards of ermine, and a 

 marquis's only three and a half. The ti- 

 tle given him, in the stile of the heralds, 

 is most noble and potent prince. His cap 

 is the same as a duke's, and the differ- 

 ence between their coronets consists in 

 the duke's being adorned with only flow- 



er* or leaves, while the marquis's has 

 flowers and pyramids with pearls on them 

 intermixed, to show that he is a degree 

 between a duke and an earl. 



MARRIAGE, is the lawful conjunction 

 of man and wife ; it was also anciently 

 used to denote the interest of bestowing 

 a ward or a widow in marriage. 



Taking marriage in the light of a civil 

 contract, the law treats it as it does all 

 other contracts : allowing it to be good 

 and valid in all cases where the parties, at 

 the time of making it, were in the first 

 place willing to contract ; secondly, able 

 to contract ; and, lastly, actually did con- 

 tract, in the proper forms and solemnities 

 required by law. 



By several statutes, a penalty of 1001. is 

 inflicted for marrying any persons without 

 banns or licence ; but by 26 George II. 

 c. 33, if any person shall solemnize matri- 

 mony without banns or licence, obtained 

 from some persons having authority to 

 grant the same, or in any other place than 

 a church or chapel where banns have 

 been usually published, unless by special 

 licence from the Archbishop of Canter- 

 bury, he shall be guilty of felony, and 

 transported for fourteen years, and the 

 marriage shall be void. Marriages ac- 

 cording to the laws of any other country 

 are valid in England, if duly solemnized 

 in another country, as marriages in Scot- 

 land are ; but by 26 George II. c. 33, a. 

 11, marriages by licence, where the par- 

 ties are not twenty-one, must not be with- 

 out consent of the father or guardian of 

 the party. If the guardian or mother is 

 beyond sea, or insane, the Chancellor will 

 proceed, upon relation, in their stead. 

 Questions have lately arisen, whether this 

 act applies to illegitimate children, and 

 the civilians have held that it does. Mar- 

 riages cannot be solemnized between per- 

 sons within the Levitical degrees ; but, if 

 solemnized, they are not void till after 

 sentence of the proper court. Promises 

 of marriage, and pre-contracts, do not 

 prevent the parties from lawfully marry- 

 ing other persons ; but an action lies for 

 a breach of the contract. Marriage 

 brokage bonds are void in equity, and all 

 contracts in restraint of marriage gene- 

 rally are void ; but contracts and legacies, 

 upon condition not to marry any particu- 

 lar person, or without proper consent, 

 are allowed, though if there is not a de- 

 vise over, the legacy is vested neverthe- 

 less. To marry a woman an heiress forci- 

 bly, is a capital felony, by 3 Henry VII. 

 c. 2, and 39 Elizabeth, c. 9. 



A wife cannot leave her husband. If 

 she elope from him, she loses her dower, 



