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cipally caught in the rivers and lakes of England 

 by angling, it may perhaps he of some service to 

 the angler to give a brief sketch of their arrange- 

 ment, according to the system of Linnaeus. This 

 distinguished naturalist divides fishes proper that 

 is, such as breathe wholly by means of gills into 

 four Orders, which he discriminates by the absence 

 or by the position of certain fins, considered by him 

 analogous with the feet of quadrupeds. 



The first Order Apodes, or Footless, comprises 

 such fish as are without the pair of ventral fins 

 which are found on the lower part of the body, be- 

 tween the vent and the mouth in all the other 

 orders. Of this order the eel affords a familiar 

 example. 



The second Order Jugulares have the ventral 

 fins placed more forward than the pectoral fins, 

 which are those immediately behind the gills, and 

 as it were, under the jugulum or throat. The cod 

 is an example of this order. 



The third Order Thoracici have the ventral fins 

 placed under the pectoral, on what may be considered 

 the thorax or breast; as in the perch. 



The fourth Order Abdominales have the ventral 

 fins placed on the abdomen or lower part of the 

 belly, a little before the vent, as in the salmon. 



Orders are sub-divided into Genera, which are 

 determined by certain general marks of resemblance 

 in which a number of species agree. Species is the 

 lowest term in the series, admitting of no further 



