8 



duce a thiii paste. This was added to the fresh chips while the cell was 

 being filled, and entirely prevented any loss of sugar by inversion. 



The carbonate was made by forcing carbonic acid gas by the aid of a 

 pump into thin milk of lime. The injection pipe was perforated and lay 

 along the bottom of a 10 by 10 feet tank containing the milk of lime. 

 The gas was produced by burning coke in a small furnace. When the 

 lime showed but a slight alkaline reaction it was run off into a large 

 hole in the ground where the water soon drained away, leaving the car- 

 bonate nearly dry. 



EXPERIMENTS WITH DEFECATION. 



On September 1 filtration was dispensed with and experiments tried 

 with simple defecation. The defecators were similar to those in ordi- 

 nary use, being simply round tanks with conical bottoms and furnished 

 with coils for heating the juice. This method of defecation, however, 

 was not satisfactory, and defecation was tried in a shallow pan 16 feet 

 long and 26 inches wide, with a partition running lengthwise in the 

 center, the inlet and outlet for the juice being on the same end of the 

 pan on opposite sides of the partition. 



This pan was gotten up very hurriedly and was supplied with iron 

 pipes for heating the juice. The juice, after being previously limed and 

 somewhat heated, was pumped into one side of the long heating pan and 

 run out at the opposite side continuously. 



Being compelled by the center partition to flow down one side and 

 back on the other, the juice made a circuit of 32 feet. The steam was so 

 regulated that during the first 16 feet it was gradually brought to the 

 boiling point, while in the opposite side it boiled vigorously. In this 

 way a strong current was produced which carried all the impurities in 

 the form of scum to the quiet portion of the juice, where it was removed 

 and returned to the battery, thus avoiding all waste and annoyance 

 from this source. 



EVAPORATION. 



The juice was evaporated to from 20 to 30 Baume, in a double ef- 

 fect evaporator built by the Pusey & Jones Company, of Wilmington, 

 Bel. This apparatus gave perfect satisfaction. All the evaporation 

 was done by exhaust steam of 4 pounds pressure, a small amount of live 

 steam being used only when part of the machinery was stopped. 



EXPERIMENTS IN BOILING TO GRAIN. 



Every strike was boiled to grain in the pan. Several experiments 

 were made to ascertain the result in boiling "in and in," the juice being 

 enriched by the addition of sugar made from previous strikes. It is 

 very doubtful, however, whether this is to be recommended, excepting 

 when the juice is so poor that a good grain can not be obtained in any 

 other way. 



