21 



very large item. These figures are based on an extraction of 7s p. i 

 cent, of juice from the cane. 



The Kroog presses are provided with a graduated juice-box for 

 measuring the amount of displaced juice. Practice has demonstrated 

 that the theoretical amount of water required to displace the juice from 

 the cakes is not sufficient, consequently a little more is always used. 

 The quantity for a twenty -four- chamber press is ICO litres, and for a 

 thirty-chamber press 200 litres of water. 



Mr. Heine, of St. Burghard, near Halberstadt, Germany, made a 

 number of experiments to determine the effect of using too muHi 

 water. He analyzed the juice at different stages of the displacement 

 process. The press used was a twenty-four chamber, Ivroog system. 



The normal juice from the presses had a coefficient of purity of s .'; 



The results of these experiments are given in the following table. 

 Under the column marked u litres" the quantity of displacement water 

 is indicated : 



The water employed in these experiments was cold. The reason for 

 limiting the quantity of water to 1GO litres per twent\ Inur-eliaml.ei 

 press is evident from an inspection of the above table. 



KLEEMANN PROCESS. 



In reply to a letter of inquiry, Mr. Kleemann, the inventor of this pro- 

 cess, has kindly given me a detailed plan for working. The following 

 extracts from his letter will be of interest to the planters: 



The charcoal you mention as having used I suppose ITO v.-rtal.le charcoal 

 ground ton. fine powder. * * * Certainly you have employed a Mil. Man. that 

 next to brown coal is the best aid to nitration, owing to its specific gra\ it y :ml its 

 absorbing powers of mucilaginous matters. Certain pn-ant ions ho\\evcr, have to 

 be adopted in its use, and its price compares unfavorably with that of in-own coal. 

 Even when close-woven filter-cloth is used in the press, line part id.-s of char have a 

 tendency to pass through the cloth along with the juice for some lime after lilli.i 

 has started, and this liquor lias to he turned back to heliltered ov :. -r a -nib 



1 This difficulty was not met with in tl xpcriment at 



