45 



iiivestigatorH to be s. subdot-ndlis, muovod to the front-border 

 of the segment. But against this explanation I have an objection 

 for the following reasons : 



1". In different families there appear on the abdomen tliree 

 setae above tlie stigma : e. g. Phaleia hucephala, Hepialus, Pterin 

 tuipi and the Pstjchithte. 



2". On the prothorax we very regularly find s. dorsolateralis 

 together with s. sitbdorsalis. 



3". On all the pupae of Rhopalocera, which I have examined 

 and which possess a pattern, I could show three elevations or 

 pigment-spots on the oral side of the abdominal segments, above 

 the stigma. At the same time there exists a spot or an eleva- 

 tion, agreeing with .««. !<ufnlorsalis. 



In all three cases it is evident, that the middle one of the 

 three setae is not .»». suhdorsalis. This seta I have called s. dor- 

 solateralis. 



At first I hesitated whether we could possibly explain this 

 seta in another way, namely by calling the upper one s. dorsalis, 

 the next one s. suprastigmalis and by considering the third one 

 as agreeing with III B of Quail. I thought at first that III B 

 had changed its place and had come above the stigma and by 

 this transgression had caused a dorsad motion of s. suprastigmalis. 

 I think, however, that the seta before and not that above the 

 transparent wing-rudiment, viz. s. prostigmalis, agrees with III B. 



A third possible explanation of the thoracic arrangement fol- 

 lows here: 



Starting from the idea that the prothoracic stigma really be- 

 longs to the praesegmental zone of the mesothorax, and that the 

 metathoracic stigma is removed to the intersegmental membrane, 

 it is easy to imagine, that the setae lying in the neighbourhood 

 have also taken part in this shifting. Further taking it for granted 

 that the setae on the thorax are originally arranged in the same 

 way as on the abdomen, we also find there s. suprastigmalis, s. 

 prostigmalis (III B), s. poststigmalis and s. infrastigmalis. If a 

 stigma is shifted from the oral side of a segment to the caudal 



