89 



SHmtrtary. 



Ill instair / distinct, black verrucae occur, most of them 

 with throe or four setae, some of the tubercles bear one seta 

 and are probably already reduced , as they sometimes have two 

 setae. Th«' pattern on the abdomen agrees with type I, on the 

 thorax with type II. 



In instar // we see the secondary setae, and the verrucae are 

 juirtially dissolved, but they are still visible. This is the case during 

 all the instars of the caterpillars. The primary setae grow very 

 little, the secondary do not grow at all, except on the abdo- 

 minal legs. 



The caudal horn is formed by the left and right v. dorsalea 

 of segment 8. 



Family lirahmaeulae. 



Packard (1905, p. 43) thinks that this family is the most 

 siK-cialized of the SYMBOMBYCINA. They have in instar / 

 multisetose warts, which they lose after the first moult, as is 

 clearly seen in B. japonica. Packard (1915, PI. XXXIV). 



In the first instars there is a caudal horn, which later on dis- 

 appears. I had no material for investigation. 



According to Packard (1893, 1905) the families we dis- 

 cussed just now have descended from the hairy Notodontidae, in 

 jjarticular from the Ichthyaritiae and Apntelodinae. Packard says 

 that in the first instar they all have warts which in a few cases 

 they retain, but nearly always lose after instar /. They also 

 agree in the pupae and imagines. 



If this view is right, we have here a case of the development 

 of setae into verrucae which, however, are soon supplanted by 

 secondary setae. These can be very long (Lasiocampidae) but also 

 very short. {Bomhycidae). 



As in the other group, the SYSSPHINGINA, a caudal horn is 

 developed on segment 8, but here it is soft and fleshy. And as 

 in the last mentioned group, this horn may disappear again, as is 

 the case with the Brahmaeidae. 



