104 



side to a fleshy horn) v. suprastigmalis, v. prostigmalis, 

 two s. poststigmales, some s. basales. 



The caudal horn has in this case taken origin from v. subdorsalis^ 

 in the Sjihingidae on the contrary from r. dorsalis, this is a mor- 

 phological proof of the fact that these horns are not homologous. 



Family Brephidae. Fracker (1915, p. 101) ranges Brephos etc. 

 with the Geometridae. The presence of the first three pairs of 

 ventral legs, even if they have become rudimentary, seems to 

 me to be of sufficient importance to make this group a family apart. 



Family Epiplemidae. Fracker (1915, p. 100) gives a normal 

 setal type, with the s. poststigmalis and s. infrasiigmalis placed close 

 together on some segments. 



Family Geometridae. Fracker (1915) only says that this family 

 of the loopers or inch-worms differs very much in armature, setae 

 etc. In the coll. Kall. there are only full-grown specimens (e. g. 

 Abraxas grossulariata, Amphidasis betidaria), to my regret, as I 

 should like to examine first instars. 



The setae are placed on the mesothorax and metathorax accor- 

 ding to type II, on the abdomen according to type I. There is, 

 however, a s. subdorsalis inferior and s. suprastigmalis is placed 

 a little more caudal than usually. 



Family CymatopJioridae. Spuler figures these caterpillars as quite 

 naked, but probably small setae are present. Fracker (1915) unites 

 the three following families, founded on the investigations of 

 BuscK and Walsingham, to the PYRALOID series of the MICRO- 

 LEPIDOPTERA-NONACULEATA ; Handlirsch (1908) on the 

 other hand puts these families just in front of the Thyrididae 

 and Hesperidae^ as the nearest relatives of the Papilionidae s. 1. 



I think that the verrucae which do not occur in other Micro- 

 lepidoptera, point to a considerable difference, though I must 

 acknowledge that in several families verrucae arise from setae. 



Family Pyralidae. 



Dyar (1894) described the Pyralidina as Generalized Frenatae 

 with the tubercula IV and V (i. e. s. poststigmglis and s. infra- 

 siigmalis) approximated and single haired. 



