120 



abdomen is : v. dorsalu small, v. subdorsalis largo, i\ supfastiyinalis^ 

 V. infrastigmalis very large, v. dorsalis. The arrangement on the 

 thorax is not distinct. Verruca subdorsalis maintains itself longer 

 than the rest and this pattern reminds us of that of the Lijmantridae. 



W. MuLLER (1886) is of opinion that the hairs of these P«^////o- 

 nidae may be considered as primary. 



PiEPERS (1888) examined several Javanese Papilionidae. He 

 says of Papilio agatnemnon amongst others that in the beginning 

 it has bifurcated hairs which have disappeared before the first 

 moult. He thinks that they are bitten oif by the caterpillars 

 themselves. 



Chapman (1895, p. 88) says: "The young larva of Papilio 

 machaon seems obviously reminescent of an adult Vanessa-larwa,. 

 Yet it is certain that, whether Vanessa be or not be derived from 

 a Pajyilio'lilie form, nor is there any probability that any adult 

 Papilio-\a,T\& ever was spinous in precisely that manner. The 

 spines are a special development of the young Pa^nlio-larva, for 

 protective objects affecting itself. They have not been derived 

 from spinous full-grown larvae amongst their ancestors, and are 

 not passed on to the present adult larva, because it does not 

 require them. The processus on the adult larva of Ornithoptera 

 may be derived from the spines of the first stage and are not 

 ancestral to those of the young Machaon.^' 



Fracker (1915) does not seem to know this. He only says on 

 p. 138; "No unpleasant spines or horns are present to discourage 

 the observer and no discordant colors to offend him." 

 . ScHULZE (1912) discusses the Osmateria (Nackelgabel) and says 

 they are derived from "dorsal protuberances". He points out the 

 meaning of the ellipsoid glands as secretory organs, and thinks 

 that they have no use in dispersing the Ichneumonidae. 



Sericinus telamon Don., Coll. Kall., is covered with secondary setae 

 which however are absent round many verrucae. Plate V, fig. 14. 

 The back part of the body has been a little damaged, so that 

 I was not able to examine the anal segments. There are: 



