290 THE STRUCTURAL EVIDENCE OF EYOLUTION. 



It is also superior in those points in which it is more embryonic 

 than the other races, viz., the want of prominence of the jaws 

 and cheek-bones, since these are associated with a greater predom- 

 inance of the cerebral part of the skull, increased size of cerebral 

 hemispheres, and greater intellectual power. 



A comparison between the two sexes of the Indo-Europeans 

 expresses their physical and mental relations in a definite way. I 

 select the sexes of the most civilized races, since it is in these, ac- 

 cording to Broca and Topinard, that the sex characters are most 

 pronounced. They may be contrasted as follows. The numbers 

 are those of the list on page 282, already used. I first consider 

 those which are used in the tables of embryonic, quadrumanous, 

 and race characters : 



MALE. FEMALE. 



/. The General Form. 



2. Shoulders square. Shoulders sloped. 



4. Waist less constricted. Waist more constricted. 



5. Hips narrower. Ilips wider. 



6. Legs longer. Legs shorter (very frequently). 

 8. Muscles larger. Muscles smaller. 



II. The Integuments^ etc. 



10. More hair on body, that of head Less hair on body, that of head longer ; 



shorter ; beard. no beard. 



12. Skin rougher (generally). Skin smoother. 



III. TJie Head and Face. 



16. Superciliary ridges more prominent. Superciliary ridges low, 

 22. Eyes often smaller. Eyes often larger. 



The characters in which the male is the most like the infant 

 are two, viz., the narrow hips and short hair. Those in which the 

 female is most embryonic are five, viz., the shorter legs, smaller 

 muscles, absence of beard, low superciliary ridges, and frequently 

 larger eyes. To these may be added two others not mentioned in 

 the above lists ; these are (1) the high-pitched voice, which never 

 falls an octave as does that of the male ; and (2) the structure of 

 the generative organs, which in all Mammalia more nearly resem- 

 ble the embryo and the lower Vertebrata, in the female than in the 

 male. Nevertheless, as Bischoff has pointed out, one of the most 

 important distinctions between man and the apes is to be found 

 in the external reproductive organs of the female. 



From the preceding summary sketch the reader will be able to 

 explain the meaning of most of the peculiarities of face and form 



