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higher in price than that of upland fields. It, after the rice crop is harvested and water is drained 

 off, can grow other crops, such as, barley, naked barley, wheat, rape, or weeds for manuring its soil. 

 The paddy field which is harvested twice a year, is called the double crops field. But this is not 

 the case with all the paddy fields; some cannot yield any more than once a year, because of their 

 having bad drainage, or the cold climate that unables raising the winter crop. Within the last few 

 years, however, as a result of the adjustment of arable land and advancement of the method of 

 cultivation, a great deal of the lands of single crop was changed: into that of double crops, which 

 shares 40 per cent, of the total area of paddy field. 



{d) Upland Fields. — Uplands are those farms, which, being.'located in high and dry places, are 

 destitute of means of irrigation and cannot be converted into paddy fields. The utilisation of the 

 upland field is commonly performed by the rotation system and two crops are raised a year ; 

 namely, as the summer crops, such harvests as the soja beans, sweet potatos, millet, or such raw 

 materials for manufacturing industry as tobacco, hemp, sugar-cane, indigo, and vegetables are 

 cultivated, and as the winter crops, the barley, naked barley, wheat, rape, and vegetables. With 

 reference to cultivating vegetables in the farmlands outlying a city, the utilisation of land is so 

 extremely intensive that, at least, three crops are produced a year. As to the plants, which are 

 cultivated in upland field, there are the mulberry, tea, fruit trees, paper mulberry and others, among 

 which the mulberry is, of course, most important, in connection with sericulture. 



{c) Plains. — The plain here refers to those portions of land, overgrown with grasses, which 



