calculated together, the total amount of consumption must be well over 100,000,000 yen in value. 

 When the sum is compared with that ten years ago, it is three times as large. Of these market 

 manures, the bean-cake, which is imported from China and Kwantung Peninsula, is most important 

 and demanded to the sum of about 25,000,000 j^-^. Next come the various composition manures, 

 the n^aterial of which is imported in large quantities, and super-phosphates of lime. As to the 

 stable manures, made by farmers themselves, and human excrements, the amount is appraised at 

 about 150,000,000 j^«. 



Subsidiary Occupations of Farmers. — As already stated, the subsidiary works have now attained 

 such importance as to be indispensable for the management of farming business. Of all the sub- 

 sidiary callings, sericulture is the most important. Next come such domestic handcrafts as the 

 various kinds of straw works and tea manufacturing, silk reeling, the manufacture of straw braids, 

 chip braids, matting and fancy matting, weaving, paper-making, and manufacture of bamboo, wood, 

 and osier works, and starch. It is generally conceded that even livestock and poultry breedings 

 and horticulture are more suitable as subsidiary callings than as the regular, full-standing ones. As 

 to other occupations of subsidiary nature, it is observed that those, who live about wood-land, 

 devote themselves to forestry in the intervals of farming seasons ; those, who live along rivers or 

 the sea, apply themselves to the exploitation of fishery ; and those, who live near big cities, obtain 

 jobs as wage-earners. The incomes derived in this manner go a long way in helping their house- 

 hold expenses. 



