100 WEEDS OF ESSEX COUNTY; 



Cichory, Cichorium Intybus, a deep-rooted weed, and one that 

 spreads very fast. Hay fields and roadsides ; too common. European. 



Hawkbit, Fall Dandelion, Leontodon atitumnale, fields and road- 

 sides, destroying the turf on banks and lawns. European. 



Common Dandelion, Taraxacum Dens-leonis, grows in fields and 

 pastures. 



Blue or False Lettuce, Mulgedium, and Sow Thistle, Sonchus, are 

 coarse weeds in cultivated swamp land. 



ORDKR Lobeliacese. 



Indian Tobacco, Lobelia inflata, in mowed land it is often abundant. 

 In hay it causes horses to slaver, and is hurtful for cows to eat. 



ORDER Plantaginacese. 



Common Plantain, Plantago major, near dwellings, yards and waste 

 places. European. 



Rib-grass English Plantain, Plantago lanceolata, grows in dry fields 

 and lawns, its long thin leaves escaping the mower. European. 



ORDER Scrophulariaceffl. 



Mullein, Verbascum Thapsus, roadsides, pastures and old fields. 

 European. 



Toad-Flax, Butter-and-Eggs, Linaria vulgaris, old fields and road- 

 sides; very troublesome in grain fields. European. 



x ORDER Labiatsc. 



Motherwort, Leonurus Cardiaca, waste places and around dwellings. 

 European. 



ORDER Borraginacese. 



Viper's Bngloss, Echium vulgare, roadsides and waste places in 

 Beverly, Danvers and Middleton. It is a bad weed in cultivated 

 fields in Virginia. European. 



ORDER Convolvulacese. 



Bind-weed, Convolvulus arvensis, abundant in Salem and vicinity, 

 growing in dense mats and seeding rapidly. It is a perennial low 

 climber, twining upon the grass and everything within its reach. 



Hedge Bind-weed, Calystegia sepium, is another climbing weed, and 



