CHIPPED STONE IMPLEMENTS. 139 



in fig. 4. This is from Australia, and was made by 

 fastening sharp fragments or flakes of stone to a stick by 

 means of a tenacious gum. It is a good illustration of 

 the manner in which flint and other flakes may have been 

 mounted for use as saw-like knives by North American 

 tribes. The original of this figure is in the collection of 

 the Peabody Academy of Science, Salem. 



Another rude but efficient form of knife is shown in 

 fig. 5. This is simply a large flake of striped gray flint, 

 slightly chipped along two of its edges. It was taken from 

 an Indian grave in southern California, and is described 

 with several others of a similar character in Vol. VII, 

 Report of Lt. Wheeler's survey west of 100th meridian. 

 Fragments of the wooden handle and some of the as- 

 phaltum with which it was fastened, are still attached to 

 the base of the stone. Such flint knives without their han- 

 dles are common, and are often called rude arrowheads 

 or spearpoints, although by most archaeologists they are 

 termed flake-knives or trimmed flakes. A flint knife with 

 its wooden handle is shown in fig. 6. This also was from 

 an Indian grave near Santa Barbara, California. Numer- 

 ous other specimens of this character have been found in 

 graves in southern California. It is seldom the case that 

 the wooden handle is preserved, although the asphaltum 

 with which the blade was fastened to the handle often 

 remains attached to the stone. 



In other regions different substances were used for se- 

 curing the blade to the handle. Among many interesting 

 objects taken from bundles containing human skel- 

 etons, 1 found by Dr. Edward Palmer in the burial caves 

 of Coahuila, Mexico, and now in the Peabody Museum 



1 See Reports Peabody Museum Arch, and Ethn., Cambridge. Vol. Ill, p. 233. 



