CHIPPED STONE IMPLEMENTS. 141 



is a few inches long and about half an inch wide, hav- 

 ing one end rubbed down to a blunt edge, which may 

 be either straight, pointed or notched. The other end is 

 fastened to a piece of wood so as to give a firm support to 

 the hand. Sometimes this wooden handle is long enough 

 to be held under the arm, thus steadying the implement 

 which is grasped by the right hand. The edge of the 

 flaker is pressed firmly against the edge of the stone, 

 then with a slight rotation of the wrist a small flake is 

 thrown from the edge of the stone. It will be found that, 

 with a little practice, this flaking can be done with consid- 

 erable rapidity and precision. Some stones flake better 

 after being heated. The, numerous forms of chipped im- 

 plements known as scrapers, drills, knives, spearpoints 

 and arrowheads, which are represented in the collection 

 before us, probably were made by a method similar to 

 this which I describe. Presumably the smaller are arrow- 

 heads which were mounted in various ways. 



A mounted point, which may have been either a heavy 

 arrow or a javelin, is shown in fig. 14. It was found in 

 an ancient grave near Arica, Peru, by Mr. J. H. Blake. 

 The point is of quartz and is held in the socket by the 

 string which passes over the barb and is wound round the 

 end of the wooden shaft. The other end of the wood is 

 so shaped as to lead to the conclusion that it was set into 

 a shaft like the more slender piece which forms part of 

 the arrow shown in fig. 15. Both specimens were found 

 by Mr. Blake in the same grave. The more delicate 

 quartz point of the latter is set in a hole in the end of a 

 piece of hard wood and held fast by gum or pitch. The 

 thread was wound round the wood simply to keep the 

 piece from splitting. This piece was then set in a hollow 

 reed which formed the long shaft of the arrow. This 



