FAMILY ZYGjENnXE. 23 



the produced and acute apex, and the very straight outer edge 

 and rectangular internal angle ; and in the peculiar form of the 

 secondaries, the analogies to the Hesperians are remarkably 

 close. This is shown especially in the fact that the internal 

 edge of the secondaries is longer than the outer edge, much of 

 which goes to make up the broadly rounded apex. They also 

 reach out even with the tip of the abdomen ; in Coronis, 

 Cocytia and Alypia they are considerably shorter. 



But in considering the neuration, we lind it pursuing a plan 

 very diverse from all the butterflies, which at a glance reveals 

 the affinity of Castnia to the other Zyggenidse. The subcostal 

 nervule in the butterflies throws off its five very short nervules 

 upon the costa. In Castnia all the nervules are remarkably 

 long, and are directed in just the reverse direction from the 

 Hesperians, i. e., downwards and outwards upon the outer edge. 



The four median nervules are remarkably long and continu- 

 ous with the nervure. In Hesperia and other butterflies the 

 first median often becomes the "independent" of authors, and 

 the ? three below are grouped together separately. Castnia 

 and the allied genera have an additional nervure, the submedian, 

 which is generally in the Lepidoptera obsolescent. In the 

 secondaries the subcostal is like that in Hesperia, but there 

 are four median nervules, while in Hesperia there are three 

 only, and they are much longer, arising very near the base 

 of the wing. 



The coloration and squamation which are so near the Hespe- 

 rians have always been remarked by authors. 



ALYPIA Hiibner. 



Head small ; front long, pilose, the scales surrounding the 

 conical projection of the clypeus, but not concealing its apex. 

 Antennae long, a little thickened in the middle, with scattered 

 lateral setae. Clypeus square, the front margin very obtusely 

 rotund-pointed. First and second joint of the palpi stout, 

 pilose ; third joint long slender ; the whole palpus porrect, the 

 third joint passing beyond the front of the head. 



Thorax more then usually pilose, especially the pro-thorax 

 and patagia. Wings short and broad. The primaries are one- 

 half as broad as they are long, being broadly triangular. The 

 nervules are rather short, and arise at a greater angle with the 

 main nervures than in Eudryas. Secondaries rounded, trian- 



