ECHINODERMATA OF NEW ENGLAND. 5 



frame made of iron of about twice the length of the height. 

 The longer sides are made of flat bars which are more or 

 less flaring. The rope is attached to two iron arms which 

 move readily on their attachment to the frame and which 

 have eyebolts at their free ends. The rope is firmly at- 

 tached to one of these ; the attachment to the other is by 

 means of a smaller cord which will break when the dredge 

 is CHiight, and allow the obstruction to be avoided by a 

 change in the direction of the dredge. A weight is fas- 

 tened to the dredging rope about five feet or a fathom from 

 its junction with the dredge, to insure success in the dredge 

 being dragged along horizontally. The length of the rope 

 used must be somewhat longer than the depth of the sound- 

 ing, and may be determined by the various conditions, as 

 depth of the water, or time of the tides. The simple 

 drifting of the large sail boat is force enough to work 

 with a small dredge. 



The net of the dredge is fastened to the iron frame, 

 and is protected by a coarse canvas bag which prevents 

 the meshes from being torn. The time the dredge may 

 be left out must be determined by experience. 



The most convenient place 1 for shore collecting is at Re- 

 vere Beach and Nahant. The piles of Beverly Bridge fur- 

 nish many Actinoids and Hydroids. 



The dredging off' Xahant is among the best in New Eng- 

 land. Off Race Point, Provincrtown, a rich harvest may 

 be expected. The channel between Castle Hill and Co- 

 nanicut Island is rich in certain genera, especially Arbaciae 

 and Echinarachnii. Dredging off Baker's Island is good. 



The ledges in the middle of Plum Island river off Great 

 Neck; Ipswich, and the adjoining defp water are good 

 places for Asteroids and Echinoids. 



Grand Manan is one of the best collecting places for lit- 



1 This is written for teachers living near Uofton. 



