4 CCELENTERATA AND 



On the line between high and low tide many genera of 

 Echinoderms are found thrown upon the beach. Several 

 Holothurians are found by digging in the flats. 



The hydroids of jellyfishes and many of the Actinozoa 

 occur in sheltered pools or caves just below IOAV tide, and 

 can easily be captured with a hand-net by a little wading. 

 I have found the roots of our large Laminaria, or "Devil's 

 Apron String," when placed in pure water and allowed to 

 stand for a length of time, to give up a rich collection of 

 young starfishes, some young Holothurians and many 

 Ophiurans. Hydroids are abundant on certain seaweeds 

 washed on the shore after a storm. Jt is well to transfer 

 to our aquarium any object which when thrown on the 

 beach has apparently been recently torn from the bottom 

 or has the appearance of having been floating for a con- 

 siderable time. These objects almost invariably will be 

 found to be the home of a rich coslenterate life. 



B. DREDGING. 



The use of the dredge for the capture of the adults with 

 ova cannot be neglected. The great majority of the adults 

 and some of the young are taken in this way. 



For dredging down to fifty fathoms, which is the limit 



DREUGE FOR USE IN SHALLOW WATER. 



of the animals treated of in this volume, a very simple dredge 

 can be constructed by any blacksmith, and with a rope 

 suitable for that purpose, will cost cnily a few dollars. 

 The dredge which I have used consists of a rectangular 



