ECHINODERMATA OF NEW ENGLAND. 55 



I 



PennatulidcK. 



Pennatula. Polyp region with prominent flat leaves 

 which are two ranked, opposite. Polyps marginal. 

 Shaft smooth. Color of leaves red, shaft at end white. 

 Phosphorescent. Aperture of polyps with spinose spic- 

 nles. 



P. aculeata. 



Ballicina. Polyps in oblique rows, two in each row. 

 Leaves not prominent. Calycles (polyps) spinose. Zo- 

 oids on the axis between the leaves. Axis below the leaves 

 smooth. With terminal polyp. Leaves pale-purple. 

 Axis salmon color. 



B, FinmarcJdca. 



Virgulariadce. 



Viryularia. Stem filiform ; polyp region linear with 

 sessile curved lobes on upper end. Polyps marginal. 

 Pinnae wanting. 



V, Ljungmanni. 



GORGONACEA. 



Alcyonacea. 



A. Without sclerobase, the axis formed of consolidated 

 spicules. 



Alcyonium. Polyps prominent ; solitary. Body lobed, 

 with spicules. Prominent circumoral spicules. Pores 

 star-like. Encrusting submerged bodies. White or red, 

 axis generally white. 



1. Large, markedly lobed . . . . A. carneum. 



2. Small, nodose, bright-red . . . A. rubiforme. 



Paragorgiidce . 



B. With horny or siliceous sclerobase and generally 

 with cortical layer. 



