

ECHINODERMATA OP NEW ENGLAND. 69 



HOLOTHURIOIDE A . 



Body elongate, vermiform with oral and anal openings 

 at opposite poles of the animal. Skin leathery often cov- 

 ered with scales, sometimes spinous, often with embedded 

 spicules or anchors. Ambulacral suckers wanting or'pres- 

 ent. When the latter are present, in three to five rows. 



With suckers * . Pedata. 



Without suckers Apoda. 



Pedata. 



Cucumaria. Suckers in five regular rows, alternate in 

 each row, closely oppressed. Tentacles ten. Dental ap- 

 paratus. 



C.frondosa. 



Lophothuria. Suckers in three rows and on one side 

 which forms a soft foot. Other ambulacra! furrows rudi- 

 mentary ; absent. Body covered with scales. Tentacles 



ten. 



L. Fabricii. 



Thy one. Body with scattered wart-like suckers. Ten- 

 tacles ten. Teeth filamentous. 



T. scabra. 



elongata. 

 Apoda. 



Caudina. Body long, whitish without suckers, pro- 

 longed into a long appendage at one end (anal). No 

 "respiratory tree." 



C. arena ta. 



Leptosynapta. Body vermiform, long, transparent. No 

 suckers. No jaws. Tentacles long, divided into finger- 

 like branches. Respiratory tree. 



L. Girardii. 



Larvce of Echinoderms. 



The larvae of New England Echinoderms are either car- 

 ried by the mother or free-swimming. The development 



