TERRA-COTTA ROOFING-TILES. 47 



a pan tile, is seen on certain portions of the city wall (fig. 

 64). At Urftirt (fig. 65) and Wurtzburg (fig. 66) a tile 

 is often seen with a slight ridge turned up on one side, 

 and a recurved edge on the opposite side which laps over 

 the slight ridge on the next tile. This form is certainly 

 a modification of the pan tile, and curiously enough laps 



FIG. 65. FIG. 66. 



to the left, as in the case of the Japanese pan tile. At 

 Hildesheim old houses are covered with a similar form of 

 tile lapping to the left. 



POLAND. 



I am indebted to Mr. J. Adamowski for information 

 concerning the roofing-tiles of Poland. An architect friend 

 of his, Mr. Kozlowski, of Czenstochowa, writes that the 

 most common form of tile in Poland is the flat tile with 

 rounded end, differing in no respect from the ordinary 

 German tile, and usually laid in a double row, as shown 

 in fig. 54. The dimensions, in English inches, are 7 by 

 14. 



The pan tile lapping to the right is also seen in old build- 

 ings and churches. It is no longer made in Poland. This 

 tile is known by the name of Holland tile, and its intro- 

 duction to Poland may have been by way of the Baltic. 



RUSSIA. 



An examination of photographs and numerous inquiries 

 show that the tiled roof is not common, but, when seen, 

 it is composed of the flat tile. Dr. Berlin, a Russian phy- 

 sician, and her brother, stated to me that formerly an 



