TERRA-COTTA ROOFING-TILES. 55 



tiles. In the catalogue of this material, published by this 

 museum in 1876, these roofing-tiles are variously recorded 

 as plain tiles, red, green and brown ; plain tile's colored 

 to match old tiling ; terra metallic ; single, double and 

 treble channelled tiles ; flat or Roman ornamental roofing- 

 tiles ; ridge-tiles with ornamental crests, and many others. 

 As most of these tiles are modern productions (many of 

 them the result of England's awakening which followed 

 the World's Fair of 1851, and the renewed impulse of the 

 French Exposition of 1855), their consideration does not 

 properly come within the scope of this paper. One tile, 

 however, figured in the catalogue above referred to, appears 

 interesting as well as serviceable (fig. 76). It is a French 



tile known as the tile CourtoLs, 

 from the name of its inventor. 

 It seems to have the merit of 

 simplicity and but little of the 

 tile is concealed in the lap. In 

 1856-57, this tile was made at 

 Stamford, England, and used on 

 FIG. 76. a number of buildings. In 1876, 



a tile somewhat similar to this was made near Hull. Many 

 of the tiles mentioned in the catalogue failed to come into 

 general use. An example of the treble channelled tile 

 I saw at Cambridge, England, and, curiously enough, at 

 Stockholm. This tile might be regarded as a variety of 

 the pan tile with three equidistant folds, the side lap being 

 made as in the pan tile. 



From various sources one may gather a continuous his- 

 tory of the introduction and successive appearances of the 

 various forms of roofing-tiles in England. The early Brit- 

 ish houses were circular, with low stone walls and conical 

 shingle roofs. With such a form of roof the use of terra- 

 cotta roofing-tiles was well nigh impossible, and a square 



