68 



ON THE OLDER FORMS OF 



Mr. Howard Walker informed me that in France he had 

 seen a tiler at work first shaping a flat piece of clay into 

 the proper dimensions and then bending it over the upper 

 part of his leg, at the same time pushing up a nib of clay 

 at the head of the tile with his thumb. 



In Japan the tiles are made in moulds, dried in the sun, 

 and baked with pine fagots and twigs for fuel. Fig. 84 

 represents the appearance of a Japanese tilery near Tokio. 



FIG. 84. 



SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING REMARKS. 

 The older roofing-tiles of the world group themselves 

 into three distinct types, the normal or Asiatic tile, the 

 pan or Belgictile, which is an outgrowth of the normal tile, 

 and the flat or Germanic tile, which is an independent form. 

 The normal tile, the earliest known form, covers by far 

 the greater number of roofs to-day. With few exceptions 

 it is the only form of tile used in Asia, Asia Minor, Greece, 

 Italy, Sicily, Spain, the countries bordering the southern 

 shores of the Mediterranean, and all the Spanish and 

 Portuguese colonies and countries in both hemispheres. 

 This tile is also found in areas contiguous to the coun- 

 tries above mentioned. 



