70 BERLIN : A STUDY OP 



With the administration of justice the magistracy has 

 considerable to do, and jury-lists are made up in a manner 

 similar to that prevailing in our city governments. Minor 

 criminal cases are tried, not by jury, but by a court con- 

 sisting of the local judge, aided by two citizens drawn from 

 the jury-list, who have a full and equal vote with the judge. 

 The arbitrators for that useful institution, the Courts of 

 Arbitration, are also selected by the magistracy. As as- 

 sistants to the courts in the guardianship of orphans, etc., 

 small committees are selected for service in the various 

 wards, comprising one hundred and seventy-one chairmen, 

 six hundred and thirty-six citizens, and some hundred la- 

 dies. 



In Berlin, and some other large cities, the police is ad- 

 ministered by the State instead of the city. The force con- 

 sists of something like three thousand men, besides their 

 officers ; and the expense, amounting to nearly four hun- 

 dred thousand dollars annually, is borne by the city. 

 Certain branches of the police, not concerned in the pre- 

 servation of the peace but in the general public welfare, 

 are administered by the city ; such as looking after the 

 trade societies, benevolent institutions, etc., as well as san- 

 itary matters, and the construction of streets, etc. 



The great transformation in the appearance of the streets 

 in Berlin, which has taken place within the past fourteen 

 years, is due to a change of administration* from the Stale 

 to the city. The State, up to 1874, had the maintenance 

 of the Berlin streets in charge, and was reluctant to grant 

 sufficient appropriations for the purpose ; therefore visi- 

 tors were astonished at the wretched condition of the pave- 

 ments, sewers, bridges, etc. Now, however, since the 

 city has assumed the work, it has been carried on with 

 magnificent enterprise and energy, resulting in the perfect 

 pavements, beautiful new bridges, fine public carriages, 



