72 BERLIN : A STUDY OF 



and ice are promptly removed, and the sidewalks, as well 

 as the roadways, are thoroughly cleaned by the city. The 

 cost of the paving is very considerably diminished by the 

 street-railway company, which, by its concession, is obliged 

 to pave the Avhole of the streets through which its tracks 

 pass with the best of pavement, besides paying a certain 

 percentage of its receipts to the city. This source of rev- 

 enue for the municipality now amounts to something like 

 two hundred and fifty thousand dollars a year, besides 

 having a large proportion of its streets paved without ex- 

 pense to itself, and, in 1911, the street-railway with its 

 entire equipment becomes the property of the city. 



The municipal gas-works yielded, at last accounts, some- 

 thing like eighteen per cent, of the entire annual expendi- 

 ture of the city as profit. 



The water-works, also, yield an annual profit of consid- 

 erably over a quarter of a million dollars ; and even the 

 great sewerage system has produced a net revenue of 

 something like the same figure, through the annual rate im- 

 posed upon house-owners for the use of sewers. 



The school system of Berlin is one of the prides of the 

 city. It is controlled by a school-board composed of mem- 

 bers of the city government, superintendents of the church- 

 dioceses together with the dean of the Catholic churches, 

 and eighty-seven local committees, upon which something 

 like thirteen hundred citizens serve. There were, in 1881, 

 one hundred and eighteen large common schools, attended 

 by rich and poor alike, with one hundred and forty-two 

 head masters, fourteen hundred and seventy-one male 

 teachers, seven hundred and thirty -four school mistresses 

 and five hundred and fifteen technical instructors. There 

 are, besides, ten gymnasiums, corresponding to our Latin 

 schools, seven real-schools, corresponding to our English 

 high-schools, two industrial schools and four high-schools 



