THE RETROSPECT OF THE YEAR. 129 



ory that these people with their more than eighty distinct 

 languages, all sprang from one race. There was one type 

 on the Pacific coast which had developed and attained a 

 high mental culture long before the other and different race 

 had shown itself on the Atlantic coast. 



There is the strongest evidence that people were living 

 south of the great glacial belt, at the period of the gravel 

 deposits with the Mastodons and Mammoths. 



The Professor illustrated his lecture by many excellent 

 lantern pictures including views of the skeletons of the 

 longheaded type of the human race which occupied the 

 northeastern coast, and were found a few years ago bur- 

 ied at Winthrop, Mass. He placed the time of these bur- 

 ials at from 1620 to 1630. In the vertebra of one was 

 found a brass-headed arrow the head of which had pene- 

 trated the bone. This brass head indicated contact with 

 the whites. 



Monday, March 3, 1890. Hon. William D. Northend 

 delivered a lecture on the administrations of Conant and 

 Endicott. The lecturer began by saying that the terms 

 used to distinguish the first settlers of the Massachusetts 

 Bay Colony from those of Plymouth were misleading 

 Puritans and Pilgrims. The term Puritan had been ap- 

 plied to the non-conformists, the separatists, the presby- 

 terians under the long parliament and the independents 

 under Cromwell, and the word pilgrim had no significance 

 in explanation of the religious views of the settlers of 

 Plymouth. They were separatists and the settlers of Sa- 

 lem and Boston were non-conformists, and these were the 

 terms he should use in reference to the different settle- 

 ments. He described the class known as separatists or 

 Brownists, from the name of Brown, their founder. They 

 differed essentially from the non-conformists in that they 



