CONTENTS IX 



CHAPTER XI 



PAGE 



HEATING MILK PREVIOUS TO SKIMMING 145 



1. Reasons for Heating T45 



2. Advantages of Warming Milk to High Temperature Previous to 



Skimming 146 



3. How Heated H7 



CHAPTER XII 



SEPARATION OF CREAM . ., 149 



1. Gravity Creaming 149 



A . Shallow-pan System 149 



B. Deep-setting System .' 150 



a. Probable Explanation 152 



C. Water-dilution Cream (Hydraulic) 153 



2. Centrifugal Creaming 154 



A . Advantages 155 



B. History of Centrifugal Separators 155 



C. Modern Separators 157 



D. Classification of Separators 158 



E. Process of Separation 158 



F. Conditions Affecting Efficiency of Separators 161 



a. Manner of Heating Milk 161 



b. Condition of the Milk 163 



c. Overfeeding the Separator 163 



d. Speed 164 



e. Steadiness in Running 165 



/. Thickness of Cream 165 



g. Slush in Bowl 165 



h. General Remarks 166 



CHAPTER XIII 



FARM SEPARATORS 168 



1. Introduction of Farm Separators 168 



2. Reasons for Introducing Farm Separators 168 



3. Objections to Farm Separators 171 



4. Thickness of Cream 172 



5. Power for Farm Separators 174 



6. Care of Cream on the Farm 176 



7. Disposition of Cream 179 



A . Shipping of Cream 180 



B. Making Butter on the Farm 180 



