CENTRIFUGAL CREAMING 157 



invented a separator similar in construction to the hollow bowl 

 a more recent type. This machine did not revolve at so rapid a 

 rate as our modern machines do, nor did it have arrangements, for 

 continuous inflow and discharge. It was intermittent in its 

 work, and it was necessary to stop at intervals to remove the 

 cream and skim-milk. The year 1879 marked the greatest 

 advancement toward the perfection of modern separators, in the 

 appearance of the Danish Weston, invented in Denmark, and 

 the De Laval, invented in Sweden during that year. This led 

 to continuous milk and cream discharges, and consequently also 

 to the continuous inflow of whole milk. These machines were 

 of the hollow-bowl construction. 



Modern Separators. Since the year when the Danish Weston 

 and the De Laval machines were invented, many different 

 types of separators with different contrivances within the bowl 

 have been put upon the market. Baron Bechtelsheim, of 

 Munich, is given the credit of having discovered that certain 

 contrivances on the inside of the machine increase the efficiency 

 and capacity for skimming. This discovery was made, accord- 

 ing to J. H. Monrad, 1 in 1890. This invention was bought by 

 the De Laval Company. 



The principal part of practically all the separators is a bo\vl 

 rotating in a vertical position, with or without contrivances 

 inside the bowl. Machines having a bowl rotating in a horizontal 

 position are, so far as the authors know, not in use at the present 

 time. Such a machine was once manufactured at Hamburg, 

 Germany, and was called " Peterson's Centrifugal Machine." 

 Another German machine, called " The Page," was also manu- 

 factured in the horizontal bowl style. 



From the above it will be noticed that four separate steps 

 are recognizable in the evolution and improvement of separators: 



1. Revolving Bucket Centrifuge; 



2. Intermittent Hollow Bowl; 



3. Continuous Hollow Bowl; 



4. Continuous Separator with contrivances within the Bowl. 

 The science and practice of separation of milk and cream have 



1 Dairy Messenger, Jan., 1892, p. 9. 



