CREAM RIPENING 69 



3. By the aided development of the lactic fermenta- 

 tion called starter ripening. 



I. NATURAL RIPENING. 



By this is meant the natural souring of the cream. In 

 this method no attempt is made to repress the abnormal 

 fermentations or to assist in the development of the lactic. 

 From the chapter on Milk Fermentations we have learned 

 that milk normally contains a number of different kinds 

 of germs, frequently as many as a dozen or more. Natur- 

 ally, therefore, where this method of ripening is practiced, 

 a number of fermentations must go on simultaneously and 

 the flavor of the butter is impaired to the extent to which 

 the abnormal fermentations have developed. If the cream 

 is clean and uncontaminated the lactic fermentation 

 greatly predominates and the resulting flavor is good. If, 

 on the other hand, the cream happens to contain many bad 

 germs the probability is that the abnormal ferments will 

 predominate and the flavor of the butter will be badly 

 "off." 



Where cream is therefore allowed to take its own course 

 in ripening the quality of the butter is a great uncertainty. 

 This method, though still practiced by many butter rrtak- 

 ers, is \o be condemned as obsolete and unsatisfactory. 



2. PASTEURIZED CREAM RIPENING. 



Theoretically and practically the ideal way of making 

 butter is to pasteurize the cream, a process which consists 

 in heating cream momentarily to a temperature of 160 

 to 185 F. and then quickly cooling to 60 F. In this 

 manner most of the bacteria in the cream are destroyed. 

 After this treatment the cream is heavily inoculated with 

 the lactic acid bacteria, and the lactic fermentation is given 



