280 INFECTIVE DISEASES. 



7. Sections of the ulcers showed under the microscope identical 

 appearances of a cellular character, and the purulent discharge of 

 the ulcers contained pyogenic cocci. 



8. The results produced by inoculation of calves with the septic 

 virus were identical. 



If we examine the chain of argument which has been brought 

 forward to maintain the existence of cow-scarlatina at Hendon, we 

 find that it was urged : 



1. That the Hendon cow disease was a disease in which the 

 post-mortem appearances resembled scarlatina. 



2. That this disease was associated with a streptococcus, which 

 produced, by inoculation in calves, a disease with post-mortem 

 appearances similar to those of the Hendon cows. 



3. That a streptococcus regarded as identical with the one 

 above mentioned was found in certain cases of scarlatina in man, 

 which when inoculated in calves produced post-mortem appearances 

 similar to the post-mortem appearances in the original Hendon cows 

 and in certain cases of scarlatina in man. 



But the microscopical appearances of the kidney of a Wiltshire 

 cow were identical with those which were regarded as indicating 

 scarlatina in a Hendon cow ; and, indeed, the statements as to the 

 post-mortem appearances in the Hendon cows, when studied, not 

 only do not necessarily indicate scarlatina, but they cannot even be 

 considered of primary importance, or as throwing much light on the 

 question of scarlatina at all. The description of the naked- eye 

 appearances in both cows only suggests coincident pleurisy or 

 pleurisy with pneumonia. The microscopical appearances in both 

 were suggestive of septic complication. 



A careful examination of the post-mortem appearances of calves 

 inoculated with scraping of an ulcer of a Hendon cow, or with 

 cultivations of the streptococcus from certain cases of scarlatina, 

 brings to light much more striking changes. These appearances, 

 however, cannot be regarded as indicative of scarlatina. They are 

 in reality the post-mortem appearances of septic poisoning, and 

 occur commonly in many diseases. This is clearly shown by com- 

 paring the post-n.ortem appearances in the calf which was killed 

 while suffering from septicaemia as the result of inoculation from 

 the ulcers of a Wiltshire cow. These visceral changes are not to 

 be distinguished from the post-mortem appearances described in 

 the calves inoculated by Klein, Consequently, that the strepto- 



