342 



INFECTIVE DISEASES. 



Typhoid fever cannot be communicated to the lower animals. 

 Numerous experiments have been made by feeding and by injecting 

 typhoid stools, but with absolutely negative results. Murchison 

 gave typhoid fever discharges to pigs, Klein experimented with 

 rabbits, monkeys, and other animals. Motschutkowsky injected the 

 blood from cases of typhoid into monkeys, rabbits, and other animals, 

 but with negative results. 



FIG. 130. TYPHOID BACILLI FROM A COLONY ON NUTRIENT GELATINE, x 1000 

 (FRANKEL AND PFEIFFER). 



Various micro-organisms have been described in typhoid, but the 

 one to which most importance is attached is a bacillus which was 

 first discovered by Eberth, but cultivated and fully described by 

 Gaff ky. Gaffky cultivated it from typhoid 

 evacuations, from typhoid ulcers, from 

 the mesenteric glands, and from the 

 spleen. It is found in scattered colonies 

 in the spleen, and is rarely if ever present 

 in the blood. 



Bacillus of Typhoid Fever. Rods 

 1 to 3 /x in length, and -5 to -8 /A in breadth, and threads (Plate VIII., 

 Fig. 2). Spore-formation has not been observed, but the protoplasm 

 may be broken up, producing appearances which may be mistaken 

 for spores. They are actively motile, and provided some with a single 

 and others with very numerous flagella, which are from three to five 

 times as long as the bacilli. They stain well with aqueous solutions 



FIG. 131. TYPHOID BACILLI, 

 x 950 (BAUMGARTEN). 



