SWINE FEVER. 



349 



FIG. 138. BACILLUS OF SWINE-FEVER 

 No. 1. (KLEIN.) 



Budd first pointed out that this disease might be compared 



to human typhoid, both diseases being attended by a peculiar 



ulceration of the intestinal follicles ; but the diseases are not to 



be considered in any sense identical or interchangeable. 

 Bacteria in Swine Fever. 



In 1877 Klein published a 



research in a Report to the Local 



Government Board, in which 



he claimed to have discovered 



bacilli characteristic of the 



disease. They were described as 



similar to Bacillus subtilis, or 



Bacillus anthracis, but smaller 



in size. These bacilli developed 



into long leptothrix filaments, and formed spores. It was further 



asserted that on inoculation, cultures produced lesions indicative of 



swine fever ; the bacilli were also pathogenic in mice and rabbits. 



Later this bacillus was re- 

 nounced in favour of another. 

 In the following year Det- 

 mers described a bacillus, but 

 subsequently renounced it in 

 favour of a micrococcus. 



In 1882 Pasteur maintained 

 that the virus of swine fever in 

 France (rouget) was a dumb-bell 

 micrococcus, which produced the 

 same effect in pigeons as the 

 microbe of fowl -cholera. Though 



rouget or swine measles is probably a different disease, the occurrence 



of this micro-organism is of interest in this connection. 



In 1883 Klein again investigated swine fever, and discovered 



Bacillus No. 2, and maintained 



that these bacilli were found in ^ *^=s 



-j-frm * ^^ 



the blood, in the peritoneal and ^^ .? , 



bronchial exudations ; and in the ** ^ = % 



air vesicles of the lungs, in the 

 form of leptothrix filaments ten 



, 



FIG. 139. BACILLUS No. 2. FROM A 

 PREPARATION OF BRONCHIAL Mucus 

 OF A PIG. (KLEIN.) 



FIG. 140. BACILLUS No. 2. FROM AN 

 ARTIFICIAL CULTURE. (KLEIN.) 



or twenty times the length of 



single rods. Cultivations were 



made on solid media. The organisms in these cultures were minute 



rods actively motile, occurring singly or forming chains, two or three 



