CHOLERA, TYPHOID, PLAGUE 



423 



Effect of Treatment. It may be well to add the returns of inoculation made at 

 the Pasteur Institute, Rue Dutot, Paris, as above described, and the mortality rate 

 resulting. The record is as follows : 



Of the 1105 persons under treatment in 1902, 9 were English, 2 Spaniards, 2 

 Russians, and one each Greek, Dutch, and Swiss making 16 foreigners, 1089 French. 

 The diminution in the number of French patients, as compared with several preceding 

 years, is explained by the opening of anti-rabic institutes at Lille, Marseilles, 

 Montpellier, Lyons, and Bordeaux, at one or other of which persons residing in the 

 neighbourhood of those towns have been sent instead of going to Paris. 



Pasteur's treatment of rabies by inoculation of emulsions of dried 

 spinal cord is, therefore, a " vaccination " of attenuated virus, result- 

 ing in antitoxin formation, to the further protection of the individual 

 against rabies. 



Inoculations for Cholera, Typhoid, and Plague 



Anti-Cholera Inoculation. Inoculating cholera virus against 

 cholera has been made illegal, like variolation was in 1840. But 

 Haffkine has prepared two vaccines. The weak one is made from 

 pure cultures of Koch's spirillum of Asiatic cholera, attenuated 

 by growth to several generations on agar or broth at 39 C., or by 

 passing a current of sterile air over the surface of the cultures. 

 The strong one, virus exalte, is from similar culture the virulence of 

 which has been increased by passage through guinea-pigs. One 

 cubic centimetre of the first vaccine is injected hypodermically into 

 the flank, and the second vaccine three or four days afterwards. 

 The immunisation is prophylactic, not remedial, and its action takes 

 effect five or six days after the second vaccine has been injected. 



