20 INTRODUCTION [C H - 



1891 FRANK B Ueber die auf Verdauung von Pilzen abzielende Symbiose der mit 

 endotrophen Mycorhizen begabten Pflanzen, so wie der Leguminosen uncl Erie 

 Ber. d. deutsch. Bot. Ges. ix, p. 244. 



1894 MIYOSHI, M. Ueber Chemotropismus der Pilze. Bot. Zeit. lii, p. i. 



1902 LANG, W. H. On the Prothalli of Ophioglossum pendulum and Helminlhostachys 

 zeylanica. Ann. Bot. xvi, pp. 28 and 36. 



1904 CAVERS, F. On the Structure and Biology of Fegatella conica. Ann. Bot. xvm, p. 95 



1904 MASSEE, G. On the Origin of Parasitism in Fungi. Phil. Trans. B. cxcvii, p. 7- 



1904 WEISS, F. E. A Mycorhiza from the Lower Coal Measures. Ann. Bot. xvin, p. 255. 



1905 GALLAUD, I. Etudes sur les mycorhizes endotrophes. Rev. Gen. Bot. xvii, p. i. 



1906 FULTON, H. R. Chemotropism of Fungi. Bot. Gaz. xli, p. 81. 



1908 BOWER, F. O. The Origin of a Land Flora. Macmillan & Co., London, pp. 240, 

 477 el sff. 



1909 BERNARD, N. devolution dans la symbiose des Orchiddes et leurs champignons 

 commensaux. Ann Sci. Nat. 9 me ser. ix, p. i. 



1909 BURGEFF H. Die Wurzelpilze der Orchideen. Fischer, Jena. 



jgii BKRNARD, N. Sur la fonction fungicide des bulbes d'Ophryddes. Ann. Sci. Nat. 



9 me ser. xiv, p. 221. 



1911 BERNARD, N. Les mycorhizes des Solatium. Ann. Sci. Nat. 9 rae se"r. xiv, p. 235. 

 191 1 KUSANO, S. Gastrodea elata and ks Symbiotic Association with Armillaria meliea. 



Journ. Coll. Agric. Tokio, iv, p. i. 

 191 1 MF.LHUS, I. E. Experiments on Spore Germination and Infection in Certain Species 



of Oomycetes. Univ. Wise. Agric. Expt. Sta. Research Bull, xv, p. 25. 



1914 ROBINSON, W. Some Experiments on the Effect of External Stimuli on the Sporidia 

 of Puccinia malvacearum (Mont.). Ann. Bot. xxviii, p. 331. 



1915 RAYNER, M. C. Obligate Symbiosis in Calluna. Ann. Bot. xxix, p. 97. 



1915 BROWN, W. Studies in the Physiology of Parasitism. I. Ann. Bot. xxix, p. 313. 



1916 BLACKMAN, V. H.and WELSFORD, E. J. Studies in the Physiology of Parasitism. II. 

 Ann. Bot. xxx, p. 389. 



1916 BROWN, W. Studies in the Physiology of Parasitism. III. Ann. Bot. xxx, p. 399. 

 1916 GRAVES, A. H. Chemotropism in Rhizopus nigricans. Bot. Gaz. Ixii, p. 337. 



1916 RAYNER, M. C. Recent Developments in the Study of Endotrophic Mycorhiza. 

 New Phyt. xv, p. 161. 



1917 BROWN, W. On the Physiology of Parasitism. New Phyt. xvi, p. 109. 



1917 DUFRENOY, J. The Endotrophic Mycorhiza of Ericaceae. New Phyt. xvi, p. 222. 

 1917 WEST, C. On Stigeosporium Marattiacearum and the Mycorrhiza of the Marattia* 



ceae. Ann. Bot. xxxi, p. 77. 

 1919 DKY, P. K. Studies in the Physiology of Parasitism. V. Infection by Colletotrichum 



Lindeimithianum. Ann. Bot. xxxiii, p. 305. 

 1921 RAMSBOTTOM, J. Orchid Mycorhiza. Catalogue of J. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards 



Heath, p. i. 



SPECIALIZATION OF SAPROPHYTISM AND PARASITISM 

 Fungi vary very much in the extent to which they are adapted or re- 

 stricted to a particular habitat. In some species the range is very wide, as in 

 the case of Eurotium herbariorum or Penicillium glaucum which may occur 

 under suitable conditions of temperature and moisture on almost any plant 

 remains, on plant products such as bread or jam, or on substances of animal 

 origin and, in the case of Penicillium, especially on cheese. 



Eurotium herbariorum^^ some other species are even found in the human 



