iv] PEZIZALES 107 



As development proceeds the sexual organs become completely crushed 

 an'd are at last no longer recognizable. At an early stage it becomes 

 impossible to trace the connection between the ascogenous hyphae and the 

 oogonium, and, during a great part of their development, these depend for 

 their nutrition upon the paraphyses and other vegetative cells. 



A secondary mycelium grows downwards to the substratum, obtaining 

 food material from it and serving for the attachment of the mature ascocarp. 

 Special storage cells appear in the hypothecium. 



PYRONEMACEAE: BIBLIOGRAPHY 



1863 DE BARY, A. Entwickelungsgeschichte der Ascomyceten. Leipzig. 



1865 TULASNE, L. R. and C. Selecta fungorum Carpologia, iii. Imperial, typograph., 

 Paris. 



1866 TULASNE, L. R. and C. Note sur les phenomenes de copulation que pre"sentent 

 quelques Champignons. Ann. Sci. Nat. vi, p. 217. 



1884 VAN TIEGHEM, Ph. Culture et developpement du Pyronema confluens. Bull. Soc. 

 Bot. de France, xxxi, p. 355. 



1885 KIHLMAN, O. Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Ascomyceten. Pyronema confluens. 

 Acta Soc. Sci. Fennicae, xiv, p. 337. 



1900 HARPER, R. A. Sexual Reproduction in Pyronema confluens, and The Morphology 



of the Ascocarp. Ann. Bot. xiv, p. 321. 

 1905 CLAUSSEN, P. Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Ascomyceten. Bondiera. Bot. Zeit. 



Ixiii, p. i. 

 1907 DANGEARD, P. A. Recherches sur le developpement du perithece chez les Ascomy- 



cetes. Le Botaniste, x, pp. 247 and 259. 

 1909 BROWN, W. H. Nuclear Phenomena in Pyronema confluens. Johns Hopkins Univ. 



Circ. vi, p. 42. 

 1912 CLAUSSEN, P. Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Ascomyceten. Pyronema confluens. 



Zeitschr. f. Botanik, iv, p. I. 

 1915 BROWN, W. H. The Development of Pyronema confluens, van inigneum. Am. 



Journ. Bot. ii, p. 289. 



Pezizaceae 



The Pezizaceae form a rather large group. The ascocarp is superficial, 

 sessile or stalked, usually with a well-marked peridium fleshy or waxy in 

 consistency, and soon decaying after maturity. The spores are usually 

 hyaline and continuous (though septate in some small species) and are 

 typically uniseriate. The asci do not project above the level of the disc at 

 maturity, as they do in the Ascobolaceae. The species are mostly sapro- 

 phytic, many occurring on the ground, and a few, especially the smaller 

 forms, on dung. The subdivisions depend on the shape of the spores, the 

 size and consistency of the ascocarp, and the presence or absence of hairs. 



In the majority of forms the fruit is fleshy and without hairs; 

 species are often grouped together in the single genus Pezisa, but i 

 probably more convenient to separate them. The name Peziza is retain 

 for large species with a sessile or subsessile cup, regular in form and 



