IV] 



PEZIZALES 



119 



orange apothecia occur on the dung of cows and rabbits, on old leather, 

 rope and similar habitats. Chlamydospores are sometimes produced. 



As in Ascobolus, the archicarp is a coiled, multicellular filament; it varies 

 considerably both in the size and number of its cells and in the amount of 

 twisting which it undergoes. 



The central oogonial region includes three to seven large cells with 

 granular contents. Between this and the parent hypha is a stalk of variable 

 length and beyond it is a terminal portion (or trichogyne) of not more than 

 seven cells which are narrower than the rest and appear to degenerate early 

 (Cutting). 



The cells come into communication with one another by large pores (fig. 

 Si a), and Cutting has shown that 

 nuclear fusions (fig. 81 b} take place 

 in all the cells of the oogonial 

 region, and that all of them give 

 rise to ascogenous hyphae. 



Ramlow also saw nuclear fusions 

 in these cells, but heexplained them, 

 as in Ascobohis immersus, as due to 

 bad fixation. He also saw and 

 figured exceptionally large nuclei, 

 which had apparently become 

 swollen, and were about to degene- 

 rate. For him the normal process 

 is the association of nuclei in pairs 

 (fig. 80) without fusion, and their 

 passage, still associated, into the 

 ascogenous hyphae; here walls are 



F'ig. 80. A scophanus carneiisfers.; old archicarp, 

 showing associated nuclei, x 800; after Ramlow. 



formed so that the hypha consists of a series of binucleate cells. These 



Fie 8 1 Ascofihanus carneus Pers.; a. section through young ascocarp, showing 

 nuclear fusion in two cells of the archicarp, x 580 ; b. two cells of an archicarp, 

 showing nuclear fusions, x 1240; after Cutting. 



nuclei, when satisfactorily fixed, showed a well-marked centrosome. 

 Ramlow was unable to see whether one or several cells of the archicarp 



